Schema similarity

Snowflake schema Similar to a star schema but with larger dimensional tables that have been de-normalized into sets of smaller tables. 

Use of Schemata (Similarity templates) As the progression through generations of solutions takes place, there evolves certain similarities between genes within chromosomes. These similarities can be exploited using a similarity template or schema, that sits within a schemata framework. 

The following block schemas show the essential instrumental features of the various atomic spectroscopy techniques. Clearly, there are many similarities between these techniques. The subsequent discussions will describe the instrumental components of these techniques. 

Under Marx s assumption, in Capital, volume 2, that prices and values are identical, and hence 1 of output is equal to an hour of labour time, this equation captures both an income and multiplier relationship. The equivalence between prices and values is embodied in the identity p = v such that the total employment of labour units (vQ) is equal to total money net income (pQ). Similarly, vF the total number of labour emits required to produce final demand, is equal to total money final demand (pF). Hence, the expression 1/1 — vh is an income/employment multiplier, in which the scalar vh represents the propensity to consume b, derived from the two-department schema.10 We shall refer to this as the Keyensian scalar multiplier, since although it is somewhat unusually defined according to worker consumption it retains the l/l h structure that is so common to economics textbooks. The simplicity of the Keynesian multiplier is retained in a two-department setting. 

The role of inventories in the reproduction schema can be illustrated using Marx s numerical example (Table 4.3a). The elements of this schema can be recast in a tableau representing three periods of production, as shown in Table 4.4. Outputs of the production process are represented for this year and last year. First, the outputs of last year are shown as inputs of production in the current period. For example, the 4,000 units of constant capital used up by Department 1 this year were produced by Department 1 in the previous year. Similarly, the 1,000 units of variable capital (consumption goods) used up by Department 1 this year were produced by Department 2 in the previous year. 

The Benito-Perez model [6] also includes a first reaction, called the initiation reaction, producing some product, which then enters into an autocatalytic reaction similar to the schema described above (Section 12.2.3.1). It can be described by a formal kinetic model as... 

The sevenfold table just defined bears some similarity to the mandalic schema of the Peaceful Deities listed for the Second Bardo in The Tibetan Book of the Dead. 

That form is a principle of motion in fact supports the stronger biconditional schema has form (X) I- mobile (X). But only the conditional schema is needed for the above argument. Similar remarks apply to (3) as wefl. 

JH III is sufficient to induce pheromone biosynthesis in starved I. pini and D. jeffreyi, suggesting a relatively simple endocrine regulation. However, starved I. paraconfusus cannot be induced to synthesize pheromone by JH III, despite the fact that HMG-R expression rises with JH III treatment. Pheromone biosynthesis in I. paraconfusus requires feeding (Seybold et al., 2000 Tillman et al., in preparation). Since HMG-R expression is apparently regulated similarly in both species, I. paraconfusus must require an additional signal in order to activate pheromone biosynthesis. The necessary factors are likely to act post-transcriptionally or post-translationally on HMG-R. These studies show that extending information from one species to another must be done with caution, as even closely related bark beetles seem to have very different regulatory schema. 

Reactive extraction is, in many aspects, quite similar to physical extraction. Modem liquid ion exchangers with fast kinetics allow the use of columns for solute recovery. Complex feed mixtures can be efficiently handled in respect to the given selectivity due to the selective chemical reaction involved and the set-up of a process schema, including scrubbing and regeneration steps. Reactive equilibria and mass transfer... 

In the case of professional competence, perceptions are similarly prone to error. People are likely to overvalue men and undervalue women. One can expect gender schemas to play a role in evaluations whenever (1) schemas make a clear differentiation between males and females, and they do for professional competence as much as for height, and (2) evidence is ambiguous and open to interpretation, as is the case with professional competence. We are all tempted to think of scientific excellence as straightforward and objective, and we have difficulty seeing how much interpretation is required of the data in front of us. 

Finally, the type of mapping described above is consistent with the constraints laid out in Gattis (this volume) for mapping between conceptual and spatial schemas. For example, the principle of iconicity constrains the mapping from the location and movement of the hands to the location and movement of objects described (whether abstract or concrete). Structural similarities constrain the mapping of relational structures, e.g., elements are mapped to elements (the hands to concepts) and relations are mapped to relations (the spatial relation of the hands is mapped to the relation of concepts, as in the poetry example). 

If structural similarity constrains the mapping of simple statements to spatial schemas, people would be expected to map the unassigned and... 

Structural similarity in children s reasoning with graphs The experiments described above and the patterns noted by Emmorey and Tversky (see chapters from each in this volume) lend support to the hypothesis that structural similarity constrains the mapping of simple relational structures—elements and the relations between elements—in conceptual and spatial schemas. Structural similarity also predicts, however, that similarity of more complex relational structures can influence mappings of conceptual and spatial schemas. Specifically, structural similarity claims that conceptual elements are mapped to spatial elements, conceptual relations are mapped to spatial relations, and higher-order conceptual relations are... 

---