Scavenging ratio, number

Note that if there is no production or removal of i in the cloud, then C, 0 = C, int + C, cioud. The mass scavenging ratio defined above may vary from zero to unity. The number scavenging ratio FN can be defined as... 

When reactive metabolites are formed by metabolic activation, some of them can escape from the active site and bind to external protein residues or be trapped by reduced glutathione (GSH) or other nucleophiles. The remaining molecules that are not released from the active site will cause the suicide inhibition [7]. The ratio of the number of reactive molecules remaining in the active site and those escaping is a measure of the reactivity of the intermediates formed. The addition of scavengers or GSH to the incubation mixture does not affect and cannot prevent the CYP mechanism-based inhibition. However, GSH can reduce the extent of the nonspecific covalent binding to proteins by those reactive molecules that escape from the active site. In contrast, addition of substrates or inhibitors that compete for the same catalytic center usually results in reduction of the extent of inhibition. 

That is, 3 is the ratio of the total number of radicals that is scavenged (n [InH]) divided by the rate at which radicals are being produced, R.. (This definition perhaps is not obvious at first glance, butxnotice that it does have the correct units, seconds, since the numerator is in mole/liter and the denominator is a rate in moles/liter-sec.) If Equation 24 is substituted into Equation 23, we obtain the final equation, Equation 25. 

The carboxylic acid (10 g) was filled into a 250-mL autoclave made from Hastelloy C4. After evacuating and flushing with dry N2 twice, the reacior was cooled with liquid N2 and then tilled with SF4 and HF. The molar ratio of substrate/SF4/ HF was 1 (f x 4) (f x 5) f = number of COzH groups per molecule. This mixture was stirred for 20 h at rt. After completion of the reaction, the autoclave was connected to a battery of columns containing aq NaOH to absorb the excess SF4 and HF. Then N2 was passed through the mixture and the columns. Finally, potassium fluoride (5 g) was added in order to scavenge any residual HF. Solids (KF/KH2F) were separated by filtration. Extract and filtrate were combined and fractionated by distillation. 

Neither of these expressions resembles the low scavenger concentration form [eqn. (172)] at all closely. In the exponential function of eqn. (176a), appropriate for small initial ion-pair separation distances, rg, the term k c ro/SDrc appears. Recasting this as (47rrgCs/3) ks/4 TTrJ)) shows this to be the product of the number of scavenger molecules within a sphere of radius rg and the ratio of the (homogeneous) rate of reaction between an ion and scavenger and the ion-pair. 

Another crosslinking system uses peroxide and sulfur or a sulfur compound where the yield of insoluble gel is very senative to the ratio of peroxide/sulfur [127]. The optimum for the formation of insoluble gd is readied for the ratio of dicumyl peroxide/sulfur dore to 1 1. The role of sulfur in polyjaopylene crosslinking is similar to that of a multifunctional monomor. Sulfur suppresses side reactions of polypropylene macroradicals, and reduces the number of polymer main chain scissions. Addition of a multifunctional monomer as a third conponent of the crosslinking system does not increase the gel content, rather it reduces it. This effect can be explained when considering the scavenging of sulfur from the reaction system by its uneffective reactions with multifunctional monomers. 

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