Scattering of a particles

Figure A3.11.1. Potential associated with the scattering of a particle m one dimension. The three cases shown are (a) barrier potential, (b) well potential and (c) scattering off a hard wall that contains an intemiediate well.

Figure A3.11.3. Coordinates for scattering of a particle from a central potential.

Figure 2. Flans Geiger s apparatus for studying the scattering of a particles as depicted in his 1908paper (27) (top) and in reference (26) (bottom).

In a speech, 20 pages long, Rutherford discussed The structure of the Atoms. After a detailed presentation of the results of Geiger and Marsden on the scattering of a particles by atoms, Rutherford discussed the... 

The first concepts of nuclear forces and nuclear radii were developed by Rutherford in 1911 on the basis of the scattering of a particles in metal foils. The experiments showed that the positive charge of the atoms is concentrated in a very small part of the atom, the nucleus. The scattering of the a particles could be explained by the Coulomb interaction with the nuclei, whereas the electrons did not influence the path of the a particles. The radius of an atomic nucleus can be described by the formula... 

Fig. 4.—Scattering of a-particles by a nucleus of charge Z the paths of the a-particles are hyperbolas.

Fig. 4.2. Scattering of a particle that approaches a nucleus with an impact parameter b. The total cross-section is

Fig. 22. Elastic scattering of a-particles from Ta, according to Farwell and Wegner.

The first 25 years of the twentieth century were momentous for the rapid pace of change in scientists understanding of the nature of matter, (a) How did Rutherford s experiments on the scattering of a particles hy a gold foil set the stage for Bohr s theory of the hydrc en atom (b) In what ways is de Breve s hypothesis, as it applies to electrons, consistent with J. J. Thomson s conclusion that the electron has mass In what sense is it consistent with proposals preceding Thomson s work that the cathode rays are a wave phenomenon ... 

Charles Galton Darwin (1887-1962) was a British physicist and mathematidan, professor at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the grandson of the famed evolutionist Sir Charles Robert Darwin. Darwin investigated the scattering of a particles on atoms. Courtesy of Dr. R.C. McGuiness, National Physical Laboratory, UK. 

The identification of radioactive decay as a subatomic process led, of course, to theories of atomic structure. After various models had been suggested - none of them totally satisfactory -the big breakthrough came with Rutherford s classic 1911 paper (Rutherford 1911) in which he proposed, on the basis of careful, quantitative experiments on the scattering of a particles from thin metallic foils, that most of the mass of an atom must be concentrated in a positively charged... 

We have studied in Sect. 2.2.1 that there is a finite probability of scattering of a-particle from a target nucleus in a particular directions, the impinging particles can go anywhere after scattering i.e., it can get scattered in the forward direction (0 < 90°) and also in the backward direction (0 > 90°) as shown in Fig. 2.4. The probability value (called differential cross-section) depends on the angle of scattering. 

A Figure 2.11 Rutherford s model explaining the scattering of a particles (Figure 2.10). The gold foil is several thousand atoms thick. When an particle collides with (or passes very close to) a gold nucleus, it is strongly repelled. The less massive a particle is deflected from its path by this repulsive interaction. 

CQ tolls for the rapid pace of change in scientists understanding of the nature of matter, (a) How did Rutherford s experiments on the scattering of a particles by a gold foil set the stage for Bohr s theory of the hydrogen atom ... 

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