Diffuse scattering

If, instead of assuming diffuse reflection at the wall, it is postulated that a fraction f of the incident molecules is scattered diffusely and the rest suffer specular reflection, the right hand side of equation (2.8) must be multiplied by a factor (2 - f)/f. ... 

Here f denotes the fraction of molecules diffusely scattered at the surface and I is the mean free path. If distance is measured on a scale whose unit is comparable with the dimensions of the flow channel and is some suitable characteristic fluid velocity, such as the center-line velocity, then dv/dx v and f <<1. Provided a significant proportion of incident molecules are scattered diffusely at the wall, so that f is not too small, it then follows from (4.8) that G l, and hence from (4.7) that V v° at the wall. Consequently a good approximation to the correct boundary condition is obtained by setting v = 0 at the wall. ... 

The existence of the amorphous phase of the fiber is confirmed in x-ray examination by the occurrence of a distinct intensity maximum of the radiation scattered diffusively at 2Q = 21.6 . The fraction of the amorphous phase in the fiber depends on manufacturing conditions and a possible further refining treatment. It is estimated to vary from 0.25 to 0.60. With an increase of the draw ratio and following the thermal treatment of the fiber, the proportion of the amorphous phase only reaches the lower values of this interval,... 

What happens when the concentration c0 of ions in solution is very large Equations (6.124) and (6.130) indicate that while CG increases with increasing c0, CH remains constant. Thus, as c0 increases, (1/CG) (1/CH), and for all practical purposes, C CH. That is, in sufficiently concentrated solutions, the capacity of the interface is effectively equal to the capacity of the Helmholtz region, Le., of the parallel-plate model. What this means is that most of the solution charge is squeezed onto the Helmholtz plane, or confined in a region vety near this plane. In other words, little charge is scattered diffusely into the solution in the Gouy-Chapman disarray. 

Thermal diffuse scattering Diffuse scattering results from a departure from a regular periodic character of a crystal lattice. It is evident as diffuse spots or blurs around normal diffraction spots. If it is a temperature-dependent effect, it is called thermal diffuse scattering. 

The molecular weight of the polymer was determined by light scattering diffusion on dilute solutions. Pyruvate and acetate contents were estimated by enzymatic methods (13,14) after acid hydrolysis of the samples using analyzis kits from Boehringer. 

Scattering Diffusion or redirection of radiant energy encountering particles of different refractive index scattering occurs at any such interface, at the surface, or inside a medium containing particles. 

Reflection can be either regular (at smooth surfaces) or diffuse (by material whose small particle size causes scattering). Diffuse reflection is used mainly in thin-film chromatography... 

The experimental methods used for the study of thermodynamic parameters such as Xi and 0 of a polymer in dilute solutions are numerous. Among them are intrinsic viscosity, light scattering, diffusion, sedimentation, vapor pressure, and phase equilibrium. Here we discuss vapor pressure and phase equilibrium, leaving the other methods for later chapters. 

Figure 13. Schematic of reactor collection of direct and scattered ( diffuse) near UV radiation for flat plate (left) and parabolic trough collector geometries (right). Plate collects Ip=I(j+Is, whereas trough reactor collects...

However, if the glass surface is not a smooth plane, such as a ground glass surface, some of the light wiU be scattered diffusely, rather than reflected in a single direction. For this... 

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