Scattering by gases

These sources are direction radiation from the sun, radiation scattered by gases and particles, and radiation reflected from the earth s surface. 

A second characteristic of UV solar radiation is fhat, even for very clear afmospheres, if is composed in similar amounfs of both beam and diffuse radiation (Hulstrom et al., 1985). The first is defined as the radiation arriving directly from the sun, while the second is the solar radiation that has been scattered by gases and aerosols after entering the earth s atmosphere. This second t)/pe of radiafion reaches fhe ground in a more or less diffuse manner that is, with similar intensity from all directions in the sky. In this respect, the situation encountered in solar photocatalytic reactors is quite different from fhe one encounfered in solar fhermal collectors. The latter are able to use the whole solar spectrum, and in that case diffuse radiation accounts for a much smaller fraction of fhe global irradiance. 

J. Berrue, A. Chave, B. Dumon, and M. Thibeau. High pressure cell to measure the depolarization ratio of the light scattered by gases. Rev. Phys. Appl., 72 1743-1746 (1977). 

R. L. Rowell, G. M. Aval, and J. J. Barrett. Rayleigh-Raman depolarization of laser light scattered by gases. J. Chem. Phys., 54 1960-1964 (1971)... 

P. Lallemand. Spectral distribution of double light scattering by gases. Phys. Rev. Lett., 25 1079-1081 (1970). 

G.7 R. W. James. The Crystalline State. Vol. 11 The Optical Principles of the Diffraction of X-Rays (London George Bell, 1948). Excellent book on advanced theory of x-ray diffraction. Includes thorough treatments of diffuse scattering (due to thermal agitation, small particle size, crystal imperfections, etc.), the use of Fourier series in structure analysis, and scattering by gases, liquids, and amorphous solids. 

COLLISION-INDUCED LIGHT SCATTERING AND LIGHT SCATTERING BY GASES... 

Comparison of Positrons and Electron Scattering by Gases, Wallter E. Kauppila and Talbert S. Stein... 

Raman scattering by gases is not a very strong effect and gives only weak signals. So gas permeation is usually not measurable by Raman spectroscopy. However, degradation of some chemical components consecutive to gas permeation can be detected in situ by Raman spectroscopy any formation of a deposited solid (carbon for instance) allows its identification and evaluation of membrane degradation [51],... 

---