Scanning electron microscopy optimization

Eldem, T. Speiser, P. Hincal, A. Optimization of spray-dried and -congealed lipid micropellets and characterization of the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Pharm. Res. 1991, 8, 47-54. 

Another approach to deposit conducting polymers can be achieved by photochemical polymerization of the monomer precursors. This procedure provides a means by which different composites (metals and/or various alloy materials with or without biomolecules) can be deposited from an electrolyte onto a non-conducting surface. Such a procedure was optimized and applied for polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of metal nanoparticles [61]. Photopolymerized films containing metals analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) appeared to be typical of amorphous polypyrrole in which bright Ag particles were found on the surface (Fig. 7.6). 

Characterize nitride layer microstructure and composition by x-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Use this information in a feedback loop to modify alloy chemistry and nitridation processing conditions to optimize the protectiveness of the nitride surface layer. 

The optimal calcination method for zeolite beta was established by thermogravimetric analysis using a PL-Thermal Sciences STA 1500 apparatus. Chemical compositions of the zeolites were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy on a Varian AAIO spectrometer after dissolution of the samples in hydrofluoric acid. The structure was confirmed by x-ray diffraction on a Siemens D-5000 diffractometer and with infrared spectroscopy on a Mattson Instruments Galaxy 2000 spectrometer. Total surface area, micropore area and micropore volume of the samples were determined by argon adsorption on a Micromeritics ASAP 200M volumetric analyzer using standard techniques. Crystal diameters were determined by scanning electron microscopy. 

Miscibility is one essential concept in polymer science, since blended systems are commonly used to address multiple property optimizations as typical for many applications. Several methods can be used to determine the miscibility of two- and more component systems. Morphological investigations of blend systems can easily been done with microscopic methods. Several electron microscopic techniques are used, that is, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, AFM, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Inhomogeneities are typically... 

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