Scanning electron micrographs polyanilines

FIGURE 4-19 Scanning electron micrograph of a polyaniline-coated electrode. 

Fig. 15.2. Scanning electron micrographs of enzyme containing polyaniline protrusions at (a) 250 x, (b) 1000 x, (c) side view at an angle of 50° 1000 x, (d) side view 5000 x. ...

Scanning electron micrographs of bare, polydiaminobenzene coated, sonicated and AChE-modified CoPC electrodes were obtained using a Jeol 6300 scanning electron microscope. They clearly show formation of mushroom -hke protrusions of polyaniline. 

Fig. 12.18. Scanning electron micrograph of polyaniline, obtained by polymerization of 0.1 m aniline in 0.5 m H2S04 for 10 min on a GC electrode, scanning the potential between -0.2 V and +0.8 V vs. SCE at 50mVs 1.

Figure 11.2. With the scanning tunnelling microscope, dispersed polyaniline (PAni) can be shown to consist of primary particles that are no larger than 10 nanometres (millionths of a millimetre). In (a) they can be seen as light, yellow-coloured patches. Once the volume concentration exceeds a critical threshold, these flocculate and—as can be seen in the scanning electron micrograph (b)—form network-like strucmres. Each of the particles behaves like a metal measuring a few nanometres, i.e. it possesses freely mobile electrons. These can tunnel between the particles and thereby conduct electricity. [Reproduced from ref. 17b with kind permission from Gordon and Breach publishers.]...

Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of (a,b) polyaniline (PANI) network in 25/25/25/25 polystyrene/polymethyl methacrylate/poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyaniline (PS/PMMA/ PVDF/PANI) blend after extraction of all phases by dimethylformamide (DMF) followed by freeze drying, and (c,d,e) PANI network in 15/20/15/25/25 PS/PS-co-PMMA/PMMA/PVDF/ PANI blend after extraction of all phases by DMF followed by freeze drying. (Reproduced from Ravati, S., and Favis, B. D. 2010. Low percolation threshold conductive device derived from a five-component polymer blend. Polymer 51 3669-3684 with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Figure 2.38 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) poly(2-aminobenzoic acid), (B) poly(4-aminobenzoic acid) and (C) poly(2-aminobenzoic acid)/polyaniline, 2 1. (Reprinted from Synthetic Metals, 123, C. Thiemann, M. A. Brett, 1. Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier.)...

FIGURE 2 Scanning electron micrograph of a polyaniline film deposited by the L-B technique from a CHCl solution. Aqueous subphase. A dipping speed of 3 mm/min and a pressure of 25 mN/m were employed. (Data reproduced with kind permission from Dr. B. D. Malhotra.)... 

FIGUKE 14 Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of micrt ttems of polyaniline ES-HCl formed on glass slides using printed SAMs of OTS as templates in selective deposition. 

Figure 9.1 Scanning electron micrograph showing the morphology of a polyaniline/CNT composite (80% of polyaniline). Reprinted from Ref 12, Copyright 2005, with permission from Elsevier.

Cyclic voltammetry of polyaniline obtained in the presence of the three polyelectrolytes was very similar and presented two redox pairs. The absence of the third intermediate redox pair is evidence of linear chain formation. The scanning electron micrographs indicate a fibrillar morphology for polyanilines obtained with perchloric and p-toluene sulfonic acids and globular for those blended with the other polyelectrolytes. 

Figure 16.5 shows scanning electron micrographs of cross sections of thin films prepared in this way from polyaniline and polypyrrole nanotubules. Note that because of the high pressure used in the compaction step (6 X 10 psi) the tubular structure can no longer be seen in the cross section of the polyaniline film (Fig. I6.5A). In contrast, the tubular structure is still clearly evident in the film prepared from the polypyrrole nanotubules... 

Fig. 16.5 Scanning electron micrographs of cross sections of films made from template-synthesized conductive polymer tubules. (A) Polyaniline tubules (B) polypyrrole tubules.

Fig. 33.7 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) polyacetylene with 200 A diameter fibrils (lighter color) and (B) polyaniline illustrating the macroscopic porosities of the films.

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