Saturation undulator

Having established that bilayer flexibility and bilayer interaction are the mesoscopic determinants, the next question is whether these determinants can be coupled to molecular parameters. In fact, this has been done to quite some extent. In general, bilayer flexibility can be shown (both experimentally as well as theoretically by simulation methods) to be directly related to bilayer thickness, lateral interaction between heads and tails of the surfactants, type of head group (ethoxylate, sugar, etc.), type of tail (saturated, unsaturated) and specific molecular mixes (e.g. SDS with or without pen-tanol). The bilayer interaction is known to be related to characteristics such as classical electrostatics. Van der Waals, Helfrich undulation forces (stemming from shape fluctuations), steric hindrance, number, density of bilayers, ionic strength, and type of salt. Two examples will be dicussed. 

Step 3 When the front is sharp and has reached its equilibrium position, first signs of interface destabilization along the vorticity direction are observed (photo 6). The instability grows with time and finally saturates (photos 7-9). The final state corresponds to the coexistence of a turbid band with a nonturbid band, separated by an undulating interface with well-defined wavelength and finite... 

Another clue about awareness comes from studies of brain activity with the anesthetic propofol. When this chemical saturates the brain and knocks you unconscious, all brain areas participate in a synchronized undulation. At the moment when awareness is lost, a low-frequency wave of firing neurons sweeps across the brain. Most brain areas continue to connect within their own area, but the connections between separate areas are lost. As consciousness fragments, so does the connectivity of the brain. 

Ground cracks (GK). Ground cracks appear from intensity IV and saturate (i.e., their size does not increase) at intensity X. Diagnostic parameters are lithology, strike and dip, maximum width, and areal density. Different dimensions of fractures are considered for soft materials (loose alluvial deposits and/or saturated soils) and hard rocks. This category also includes the occurrence of cracking, undulations, and/or pressure ridges in paved (asphalt or stone) roads. 

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