Saturated Nitrogen

Many saturated nitrogen heterocycles are commercially available from industrial processes, which involve, for example, nucleophilic substitution of hydroxyl groum by amino groups under conditions far from laboratory use, e.g. 

These contracted names of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are retained as alternatives for systematic names, sometimes with indicated hydrogen. In addition, names of 0x0 derivatives of fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles that systematically end in -idinone are often contracted to end in -idone when no ambiguity might result. For example. 

As discussed in Chapter 6, nitro compounds are converted into amines, oximes, or carbonyl compounds. They serve as usefid starting materials for the preparation of various heterocyclic compounds. Especially, five-membered nitrogen heterocycles, such as pyrroles, indoles, ind pyrrolidines, are frequently prepared from nitro compounds. Syntheses of heterocyclic compounds using nitro compounds are described partially in Chapters 4, 6 and 9. This chapter focuses on synthesis of hetero-aromadcs fmainly pyrroles ind indolesi ind saturated nitrogen heterocycles such as pyrrolidines ind their derivadves. 

Figure 9. COj (MW=45) and COj (MW=44) response curves for a ethylene -t- oxygen pulse to a continuous acetic acid saturated nitrogen stream after it is passed over the Pd-Au w/KOAc catalyst with different ethylene to oxygen ratios (e.g., 4 to 1).

In Table IV some physical data and spectral characteristics of 6,7-secoberbines are listed. Only methyl corydalate (55) is optically active. Formula 55 presents the spatial structure of this compound, deduced by Nonaka et al. (65) and confirmed by Cushman et al. by both correlation with (+)-mesotetrahydrocorysamine (72) (<5S) and total synthesis (69). It is difficult to find common characteristic features in both the mass and H-NMR spectra of these alkaloids because they differ significantly from each other in their structures. On one hand, corydalic acid methyl ester (55) incorporates a saturated nitrogen heterocycle, while the three aromatic bases (56-58) differ in the character of the side chain nitrogen. For example, in mass fragmentation, ions of the following structures may be ascribed to the most intensive bands in the spectrum of 55 ... 

In contrast, the amido and the sulfamidomercuration- demercuration of acyclic 1,4- and 1,5-dienes yield saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles (equation 169)172. 

Several species pertaining to the sub-family Myrmicinae (e.g., Solenopsis spp., Monomorium spp.) are characterized by a venom rich in dialkylated saturated nitrogen heterocycles (e.g., piperidine, pyrrolidine, indolizidine, pyrrolizidine). Exhaustive lists of these alkaloids have already been published [114-116]. Since then, only a few more of these alkaloids have been reported from a few further species. 

Chiral Crown Ethers Containing Saturated Nitrogen Functions. 265... 

For a recent review of methods for constructing saturated nitrogen heterocydes, see Nadin, A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1998, 3493. 

A similar observation is noted for complexes containing partially (salalen) and completely (salan) saturated nitrogen centers (Fig. 8) [28]. Metal complexes of these ligands generally exhibit a c -p configuration and the metal center of these derivatives is chiral (A or A) (Fig. 9) [29, 30], Figure 10 depicts the structure of a (salalen)CrCl(H20) complex as determined by X-ray analysis. 

Polyphenol adsorbents are mainly polyamides (Dadic, 1973). At one time various nylons were used, but PVPP is most frequently used today (McMurrough et ah, 1997). The structure of PVPP (see Fig. 2.23) resembles that of polyproline (Fig. 2.6) both have five-membered, saturated, nitrogen-containing rings and amide bonds. 

A review was published this year covering the literature of saturated nitrogen heterocycles over 1998 with a section devoted to piperidine synthesis <99JCS(P1)2553>. 

The current volume consists of four chapters. It commences with a comprehensive survey of the conformational rates and equilibria of saturated nitrogen-containing six-membered rings, authored by T. A. Crabb and the series editor. This is a subject wherein many of the past controversies have now been resolved and where it is now possible to provide a rather satisfying account. 

Cleavage of Saturated Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles at the C—N Bond by Electrophilic Agents E. I. Levkoeva and L. N. Yakhontov, Russ. Chetn. Rev. (Engl. Transl.), 1972, 41, 603-615. 

Add 50 ml of 1 2 2 KOH/methanol/diethyl ether to the second vessel. Bubble the diethyl ether-saturated nitrogen from the headspace of the first vessel into this solution. 

DEAD exothermically in benzene or DMF to give initially 489, which has three contiguous saturated nitrogen atoms and undergoes N—N bond fission to give the highly stabilized ylid 490, which was isolated as the stable radical cation 491. Analogous reactions with 486 were carried out. 

Amines are saturated, nitrogen-containing functional groups that are widely encountered. Because the nitrogen atom of amines is basic, nucleophilic, and oxidizable, some constraints on the preparation of amines result. A collection of textbook amine preparations includes the following ... 

These compounds are the first examples for the stabilization of the LS state of iron(II) with saturated nitrogen as the most abundant donors this has been ascribed by the authors to the enhanced ligand field strength due to the constrictive effect of the mechanically confining in-plane macrocyclic ligand . Six-coordinate iron(II) complexes are formed with relatively weak axial ligands such as X = CH3C002 >... 

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