Satellite temperature algorithms

Figure 1. On the basis of this observation, and in the absence of skin (< 1 mm) temperature measurements, sea surface radiance was calculated from 2.5-m temperatures and used in the algorithm to correct satellite temperatures to sea surface temperatures. This approach worked well in this study because the relative distribution of 2.5-m temperatures was correlated with the relative distribution of skin temperatures. This conlcusion was supported in two ways (1) the mean difference between surface temperature measured in samples collected in a bucket and the thermistor at 2.5 m was 0.1 °C, and (2) when 2.5-m temperatures were compared with cor-...

The LST and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) are positively correlated. The methodology followed is based on the fact that most of the satellites carry a thermal infra-red band which can be used for LST estimation. The spatio-temporal variation in the thermodynamic properties of surface material has been mapped in order to identify hydrocarbon polluted surfaces using Landsat TM data. Emissivity is a strong indicator of compositional variation in silicate minerals which make up the bulk of the earth s surface material. Emissivity affects the apparent temperature due to changes in the thermal properties of materials (conductivity, density, capacity, and inertia). There are several algorithms proposed to estimate LST from remotely sensed data. The most common of these are mono-window and split window methods [22-25], the latter was used initially to estimate sea surface temperature. 

The mono-window algorithm proposed by Qin et al. [25] is based on the thermal radiance transfer equation to calculate LST. It utilizes transmittance and mean attnospheric temperature to estimate LST. The LST estimation is done considering the fact that brightness temperature at satellite can be computed by estimation of radiance from Dn value and conversion of radiance into brightness temperature. The radiance calculation from Dn of TM data utilizes an equation developed by Markham and Barker [31], shown below. 

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