Sapphire Substrates for ZnO Epitaxy

Sapphire has the space group of R 3c, as described in the International Tables for Crystallography, and is primarily of ionic bond nature. It can be represented by both 

Material Crystal structure Lattice parameters, (A), c (A) Lattice mismatch (%) Thermal expansion coefficient, a (10 ir ) Thermal conductivity, K (Wem- k ) Space group 

Lattice mismatch values are calculated with reference to ZnO. 

and c/3 steps of height c/6, c/2, or 5c/6 separate the two surfaces related by a glide symmetry operator. Such steps are dubbed as the demisteps and are noted as A-B, c/6 [41, 42]. 

To eliminate surface damage altt ethei a high-temperature annealing step has been employed, which gives rise to atomically smooth surfaces. A very high-temperature 

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