SAP kinase

SARA is a scaffolding protein that regulates the subcellular localization of inactivated R-Smads, potentially scaffolding the TGF-P receptor kinase to the Smad 2 substrate. Filamins are a family of actin polymerization proteins that also form scaffolds for a range of signaling proteins including SAP kinases such as MKK-4, small GTPases Rho and Ras, as well as Smad 2 and Smad 5. 

MKK6) comparison of its substrate specificity with that of other SAP kinases. EMBO J 16 3563-3571... 

PP2C A large family of protein phosphatases. Reverses stress-induced, SAP kinase phosphorylation cascades... 

See http //nootropics.com/ for a general—albeit biased and simplistic—introduction. Other possibles SAP kinase inhibitors, AMPAKine, NGF agonists, COX inhibitors, MAO-B inhibitors, mGluR enhancers and agonists. Ml and M2 agonists. 

Anti-Phos Ab array BCG mycobacterium infection of host Monocyte THP-1 cells Activation of SAP kinase cJun, i PKC vare T a-adducin, GSK-3 3 by BCG infection... 

Goedert, M., Cuenda, A., Craxton, M., Jakes, R. and Cohen, P. 1997. Activation of the novel stress-activated protein kinase SAPK4 by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated by SKK3 (MKK6) comparison of its substrate specificity with that of other SAP kinases. EMBO J. 16 3563-3571... 

The first of the four zones includes the postsynaptic membrane and approximately the upper half of the PSD. In this zone, preferential labeling is seen for all ionotropic glutamate receptors and for the associated proteins known as membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) including PSD-95, SAP-102, PSD-93, and SAP-97 (Valtschanoff et al., 1999) (Figs. 7 and 8). The second zone includes approximately the bottom half (for the purpose... 

Most of the incoming signals of the ERK pathway are received by the Raf kinase. Other M EKKS of this pathway include the Mos kinase and the MEKK-1 protein, which is also found as a component of the JNK/Sap and the p38 pathway. 

Table 1). Two third of this eIF-2 kinase (PK-i) is in the cell sap and one third in ribosomal extracts, the latter containing most of protein 67 and 35 substrates (4) PK-i is not retained on DEAE-cellulose, elutes from phosphocellulose (pH6.7) at 330mMKCl, and from hydroxylapatite at 200mM phosphate overall purification was about 500- old. The endogenous protein 67 phosphorylation activity was still present in the purified PK-i (Figure 2) as well as a dsMA-dependent histone kinase selective for the arginine-rich... 

Figure 3 Separation of various translation regulatory activities on DEAE cellulose. Cell sap from interferon-treated cultures was fractionated and assayed on mengo RNA translation (as in Table 2) in S10 from control (c) and interferon-treated cells (int) with O.O4 M g/ml dsENA. Activity without fraction = 1. Oligo-isoadenylate synthetase E (IO), factor F (18). Protein phosphatase (P) and protein kinase activator A, are discussed in the text.

We also examined whether factor A could be alone responsible for the increased PK-i activity after interferon treatment. Factor A stimulated slightly eIF-2 and histone phosphorylation in control cell extracts but not nearly as much as in interferon-treated cell extracts. Factor A was found in control cell preparations. Some component of the protein kinase PK-i itself seems, therefore, to change after interferon treatment. Finally, protein phosphatase P is found both in control cell sap and, in lower amounts, in... 

Markby DP, Brooks G, Evans AT, Evans FJ (1989) Chechum (poison sap tree) toxin, a potent activator of protein kinase C (letter). Lancet i(865o) i320... 

A separate, mitochondrial pathway for the biosynthesis of CoA was found. It has the last two steps in common with the previously recognized pool in the soluble fraction of the cell, since dephospho-CoA pyrophosphory1ase and dephospho-CoA kinase are both present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Pantothenate kinase - the first step in the cell sap pathway - is lacking in the mitochondria, however. Studies are in progress to detect the first precursor for CoA in the mitochondrial biosynthetic pathway. 

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