Sands, movement

If for a moment we disregard the kinks in the velocity-height relation ships for general sand movement shown in Figure 111 and assume th< lines to be straight, we then have as the relationship applying to thes< lines... 

The curve shown in Figure 113 gives the sand movement in metric tons per hr per m width for various wind velocities. This curve is for sand 0.025 cm in diameter and having a threshold velocity vt = 400 cm per sec. 

Sand mixtures and sand movement in fluvial models. Trans. A.S.C.E. 100 798-838. 

Caston. V. N. D. and Stride, A. H.(1970). Tidal sand movement between some linear sand banks in the North Sea off north-east Norfolk. Mar. Geol. 9, M38-M47. 

Anonymous (1944). J.B. Tiffany. Engineering News-Record 133(Aug.24) 207. P Rouse, H. (1976). Tiffany. Hydraulics in the United States. The University of Iowa Iowa City. P Tiffany, J.B. (1935). Discussion of Sand movement in fluvial models. Tram./ISCf 100 861-867. Tiffany, J.B. (1943). Recent developments in hydraulic laboratory technique. Proc. 2" ... 

The rendition of deliberate aid to sand movement in order to avoid deposition over a specific iocation, especiaiiy by augmenting the saltation coefficient through surface smoothing and obstacle removal... 

Fencing. The use of relatively porous barriers to stop or divert sand movement, or to destroy or stabilize dunes. Cheap, portable and expendable structures are desirable (using, for example, palm fronds or chicken wire)... 

The enormous increase in sand supply combined with the destruction of vegetation capable of impeding sand movement, created a severe sand mobilization problem that requires control measures [1,2, 4-7]. 

Near shore currents induced by tides and wind, sand movement and bathymetry (this information is necessary if shoreline erosion is critical to safety) ... 

The cause of toe area scouring is probably due to the strong wave-induced velocity. These velocities are especially increased by reflected waves from the vertical wall. However, the scouring mechanism is very comphcated and has not yet been properly explained. Generally, two types of toe scouring exist local scouring and large-scale sand movement. 

With the increased mobilizing forces and the decreased resisting forces, an incremental lateral seaward displacement of the deformed container occurs (pull-out effect) which causes again the start of the internal sand movement in a similar way as during the first wave cycles [Fig. 21.26(a)],... 

These results have considerable practical implications as the internal sand movement is responsible for the deformations of the container which affect... 

The volume of IjSC is always constant but the resisting mement reduced due to the sand movement... 

The effect of the deformations of the GSCs on the hydraulic stability rapidly increases with the severity of wave attack, depending on the size and sand fill ratio of the containers as well as on the degree of exceedance of the wave loads required for the inception of the internal movement of the sand fill. Besides, the effect on the hydraulic stability, the internal sand movement in submerged geotextile containers may lead to a substantial reduction of the height of GSC-structures (up to about 10%) when subject to severe wave attack. 

Sand fill in the wellbore (there was a history of sand movement in the reservoir and sand pumping was used several times on Hell 152). 

Apparent changes in the immediate wellbore vicinity (probably due to sand movement) caused a significant injectivity increase. 

Stout, J.E. and Arimoto, R. Threshold wind velocities for sand movement in the Mescalero Sands of southeastern New Mexico, Journal of Arid Environments 74, Elsevier 2010. 

Belly, P.-Y. 1964. Sand movement by wind. United States Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Washington DC, Technical Memorandum TM-1, 80pp. 

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