Sample Destroyed

Like others of the series, it is explosive. A sample destroyed the apparatus during melting point determination. 

Disinfection of municipal water contaminated with coliforms and fecal streptococci was the subject of a study by Patermarkis and Fountoukidis [31]. Disinfection was achieved using titanium electrodes and direct current. The polarity was alternated every minute to eliminate titanium oxide buildup. No additives or supporting electrolytes were used in this room-temperatures process. At a current density of 2.5 mA/cm and an applied voltage of 45 V, no microbial activity was detected after 30 min of operation. Noncontaminated, electrochemically treated water possessed a residual disinfection capacitiy addition of treated water to a contaminated sample destroyed the microbial life in the sample. 

The introduction of defects into a smectic sample destroys its fluidity. This contrasts markedly with nematics, for which the presence of defects hardly alters the fluid s viscosity. Of course, this is because in a smectic the direction locally perpendicular to the layers is solid-like, and when defects are present, all directions acquire some solid-like character. Horn and Kleman (1978) measured shearing stresses in defect-containing smectic samples of 8CB and found that the shear stress was given by the equation of a Bingham plastic ... 

Oven-dry weight of entire flask content Filter, wash, and oven-dry cells Extremely simple. Data can be obtained readily with minimal training. Usually quite ccxislstent and reliable. Requires normal laboratory equipment. Entire sample destroyed. Requires considerable space if Brlenmeyer flasks are used. Requires two weighings per sample. Dry weight declines after reaching maximum. 

X-ray analysis of the siminal sample destroyed at a speed of 650 m/s (Fig. 16.2) revealed that the stishovite peak increased. This is indireet evidence of impact metamorphism. Meanwhile, the intensities of the rest of the peaks also increased, which corresponds to the appearance of impact-induced changes in pyroxene. 

FIGURE 16.2 Spectrogram corresponding to the sample destroyed at an impact speed of 650 m/s. 

Fragments obtained after the destruction of the targets were selected for sample analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Figure 16.3 shows images of the surface fragments of the sample destroyed at a punch speed of 125 m/s. 

FIGURE 16.3 Surface of fragments of the sample destroyed at a punch speed of 125 m/s. 

FIGURE 16.5 Surface of a fragment of the sample destroyed at a punch speed of 650 m/s a - general view, b - a zone with slip bands, c - crystalline fracture zone. 

The overall thermal stability of the induced reorientation (of the "writing") is illustrated in Figure 2. It is clear that heating of a "written" sample destroys the induced orientation, and as one gets closer to the glass transition temperature, all reorientation is lost. 

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