Salinity correction factor

The salinity correction factor Fsait is determined as the slope of the regression line of the relative concentration deviations between the high standard in salinity S and medium sali-... 

Fig. 10-3. Determination of the salt-effect (a) and correction factor (b) for silicate determination 0-100 /rmol/L, salinities 15-35 and zero water salinity of 25. The salinity correction factor (F au) is 0.0045 (b).

The experimental results are shown in Figure 82. The upper plot represents the solubility of the gas in pure water while the lower plot gives the correction factors necessary to account for the decrease in gas solubility with increasing salinity of the water. 

DNA synthesis that occurred during the experiment. These latter authors claimed that, when a correction factor was applied, the overall binding to DNA increased in a similar fashion for both isomers. These experiments were complicated because the platinum compounds were dissolved in the coordinating solvent Mc2SO, which is known to react with trans-DDF with a half-life of 8 min (123). The compound rrans-[Pt(NH3)2(Me2SO)Cl]Cl alters both the kinetics of binding to DNA as well as the adduct spectrum (123). Curiously, attempts to control for this effect in phosphate-buffered saline were performed under different conditions than those described in Ref. 23. The later of the only two time points tested does not appear to fit the trend of continuously increasing tran -DDP-DNA adducts, even after correction for DNA synthesis (107). 

The quantity of water in saturated natural gas at various pressures can be estimated from Figure 11-1, which is based on the correlation of McKetta and Wehe (1958). This chart provides essentially the same data as the frequently used correlation of McCarthy et al. (1950), but has the advantage of including corrections for gas specific gravity and water salinity. The corrections are used as simple multipliers for water content values shown on the main chart. For example, if the gas has a molecular weight of 26 and is in equilibrium with an aqueous phase containing 3% salt, the correction factors would be Cq = 0.98 and C = 0.93. For this case, and conditions of I50°F and 3.000 psia, the gas would have a water content of (0.93)(0.98KI04) = 95 Ih/MMscf. 

Many salt minerals have water of crystallization in their crystal structnre. Such water of hydration can provide information on the isotope compositions and/or temperatures of brines from which the minerals were deposited. To interpret snch isotope data, it is necessary to know the fractionation factors between the hydration water and the solntion from which they are deposited. Several experimental studies have been made to determine these fractionation factors (Matsno et al. 1972 Mat-subaya and Sakai 1973 Stewart 1974 Horita 1989). Becanse most saline minerals equilibrate only with highly saline solutions, the isotopic activity and isotopic concentration ratio of water in the solntion are not the same (Sofer and Gat 1972). Most studies determined the isotopic concentration ratios of the sonrce solntion and as Horita (1989) demonstrated, these fractionation factors have to be corrected using the salt effect coefficients when applied to natural settings (Table 3.2). 

This correction should be used for the most precise work when the salinity varies by more than about 10%i from a value of 2S%c. The factor for pure water (zero salinity) is thus some 8% less than the value obtained by the present method using synthetic sea water. 

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