Safety nosocomial infections

Although airborne transmission poses serious safety risks, contact contamination is generally recognized as the principal transmission route of nosocomial infections, such as MRSA and C difficile, which survive well on surfaces and other reservoirs (Bauer et al., 1990 lOM, 2004). Healthcare workers hands play a key role in both direct and indirect transmissions. A staff member may touch two patients in succession without washing his or her hands, or touch an environmental surface or feature after direct contact with an infected patient, which in turn contaminates the hands of someone else (Ulrich and Wilson, 2006). Because MRSA can survive for weeks on environmental surfaces, these surfaces can themselves become the source of new outbreaks. 

Nosocomial Infections in Dialysis Access Widmer MK, Malik ) (eds) Patient Safety in Dialysis Access. 

The sole objective of all hygiene and manufacturing controls is to ensure the quality of the pharmaceuhcal product for the safety and protection of the pahent. The manufacture of non-sterile pharmaceutical products requires that certain criteria of cleanliness, personal hygiene, produchon methods and storage must be met. Many such products are for oral and topical use and the question may fairly be posed as to the point of what are now quite stringent conditions. Nevertheless, some carefully controlled hospital studies have indeed shown that both types of medicine may be associated with nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections and this risk can be minimized by the application of GMP principles. 

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