Safety molecular-level designs

Molecular theories are fundamental in assisting material producers to develop more ESC-resistant materials. However, where load-bearing structures are concerned, an engineering approach to ESC capable of setting up suitable design criteria is required. This should result in the safety of the structure being at an acceptable level with reasonable confidence. Such criteria make use of fracture mechanics and its critical stress intensity factor paramenter, Kic. 

Efficient treatment of the disparate length and time scales will be the key to the further development of predictive computational models for both plasma and electrochemical engineering. This is not limited to the plasma or liquid-phase processes. It includes the solid materials produced or modified by these technologies from the atomic level, to the microstructure to the bulk material properties. Finally, integration of modeling/simulation with design, sensors, control, optimization, safety and reliability will result in an ultimate integrated system which is based on molecular principles and which extends all the way to the factory scale ... 

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