Saccharides, abbreviations

It is extremely difficult to maintain uniform nomenclature or abbreviations for these molecules due to the diverse nature of the saccharide moiety and the continual discovery of new glycosphingolipids. A semi-systematic nomenclature for glycosphingolipids has been recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature,7 and has been reviewed in some detail.8-10 Readers are urged to consult these articles in order to become familiar with the no-... 

Scheme 4.1 (a) Structure of the lipopoly saccharides of Gram-negative bacteria, (b) The structure of the lipid A from E. coli. (c) The structure of Kdo residue (a-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid). For all structures, where not stated otherwise, sugars are a-D-pyranosides. Residues in bold are present as non-stoichiometric substitutions. Common abbreviations P, Phosphate, PPEtn, 2-aminoethanol diphosphate, PEtN, 2-aminoethanol phosphate, PCho, 2-trimethylaminoethanol phosphate Gly, glycine, Ac, Acetyl, Cm, Carbamoyl, Pyr, Pyruvic Acid... 

As has become customary in these volumes, an abbreviated method is now used for representing higher saccharides. Sugars will be numbered as follows, and linkages will be indicated in the usual way ... 

Because of the cumbersome nature of even abbreviated forms of long, nonrepeating, saccharide sequences, and because the most abundant mammalian glycolipids (the glycosphingolipids) fall into a few well-established categories, a special nomenclature is often used for them. There is no similar shorthand system for the less-abundant glycoglycerolipids etc., and some uncommon glycosphingolipids are not easily fitted into it. 

The main purpose of the present contribution is to explore the correlation between the structure, micellization ability and hemolytic activity of three series of single-head single-tail saccharide surfactants [4,10] along with dicephalic (doubleheaded) [11] and gemini (dimeric) representatives [3,5], whose structure and abbreviations are shown in Scheme 1. 

The nomenclature of SPHs has not been used consistently. We prefer the term saccharide-peptide hybrids [1] for reasons of clarity. As an abbreviated form, the... 

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