S. minnesota

For the determination of the phosphate group a new procedure was established (64a) using a two-step deacylation of the rough form LPS (E. coli F515 and S. minnesota R595) and h.p.l.c. purification of the intact core-backbone oligosaccharide. Data obtained by H-, 13C-, and 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy as well as f.a.b.-m.s. analysis unequivocally showed the presence of 4 -phos-phate at GlcN (II). A similar procedure was also applied to E. coli J5 LPS (66a). 

Takayama and coworkers (60) introduced the h.p.l.c. separation technique for such amphiphilic molecules as lipid A, and in earlier experiments they applied paired-ion reverse-phase h.p.l.c. for the preparation of homogeneous fractions deriving from 4,-monophosphated lipid A of S. typhimur-ium. The purified preparations obtained were suitable for f.a.b. - m.s. analysis. However, monophosphated lipid A isolated in this way expressed a considerable heterogeneity with respect to the number and location of 0-acyl residues (60). In order to further improve the purification procedure, as well as to obtain lipid A derivatives suitable for n.m.r. spectroscopy, Qureshi et al. (174) prepared the dimethyl phosphate derivative of S. minnesota (R595) lipid A, which, after purification by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. (C18), could be analyzed by1 H-n.m.r. The n.m.r. spectrum of, for example, the heptaacyl lipid A dimethyl monophosphate fraction, unequivocally revealed 0-acyl substitution [14 0(3-OH)J at position 3 and a free hydroxyl group at position 4 of GlcN(I). 

Single crystals of free lipid A or LPS are as yet not available. Therefore, the most promising approach to obtain molecular models is to perform theoretical calculations. After the chemical structures of enterobacterial lipid A had been elucidated, this methodology was successfully applied with heptaacyl S. minnesota lipid A (220) and hexaacyl E. coli Re LPS (221). As an example, Fig. 13 shows the atomic model of the E. coli lipid A molecule, as calculated by Kastowsky et al. (221) using energy-minimization techniques. 

Fig. 14.—Phase diagram (227) of free lipid A.The phase diagram was established using S. minnesota Re LPS-derived lipid A.

John s Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - within normal limits... 

Therapeutic vaccines were tested in BALB/c mice bearing TA3-Ha mammary carcinoma. The treatment consisted of 4 subcutaneous injections, at 3-6 days intervals, of Detox [a commercial preparation of cell wall skeletons from Mycobacterium phlei and non-toxic monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella minnesota (S. minnesota) in squalane oil and Tween 80 from Ribi Immunochemical research, Montana, USA] mixed with Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen coupled with KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) performed 5 days after the tumor cell injection. This vaccination achieved the survival of 25 % of the mice. Pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide in order to inhibit any suppressive response, increased survival to 50 % when the treatment began 5 days after tumor cell injection, and to 90 % when the treatment began 2 days after tumor cell injection. Both antibody as well as delayed-... 

In C3H/HeN mice bearing MH134 hepatoma, monophosphoryl lipids A from P. gingivalis or S. minnesota Re 595 increased the survival of mice when administered in combination with tumor cell lysates and Freund s incomplete adjuvant [31],... 

A phase I trial was conducted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) prepared from S. typhimurium or S. minnesota injected i.v. in patients with disseminated cancer. Fever, chills and fatigue were Ihe most common side effects and the dose of 250 pgfai2 i..e. (250x1.7) 65=6 pglcg was estimated acceptable [189]. 

Lipid A compound Rb. capsulatus C. jejuni E. con Rc. getatinasus Rs. fulvum S. minnesota S. minnesota C. viofaceum monophosphoryl biphosphoryl... 

McCabe, W.R. Immunization with R mutants of, S. minnesota. I. Protection against challenge with heterologous Gram-negative bacilli. J Immunol 108 (1972) 601-610. 

McGuffin The most recent data come from Tom Bouchard s Minnesota twin studies. The adult correlation in twins reared apart is just under 0.8. 

Matson, W.R., Allen, H.E. and Reksham, P., 1969. Trace—Metal Organic Complexes in the Great Lakes. Presented before the Division of Water, Air and Waste Chemistry, A.C.S., Minnesota, 1969. 

Durgan, B.R., Gunsolus, J.L., Becker, R.L., and Dexter, A.G., 1992, Cultural and chemical weed control in field crops-1992, AG-BU-3157-S, Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. 

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