S-Adenosyl methionine decarboxylase

Two-dimensional structures of 2 -deoxy-2 -(3-methoxybenzamido) adenosine (MMBA), a selective T.brucei GAPDH inhibitor and MDL 73811, an irreversible inhibitor of trypanosomal S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase. 

Using a similar experimental strategy, the pyruvyl-dependent S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase Escherichia coli) was also demonstrated to involve retention of configuration at the a-carbon of the methionyl moiety (269). The... 

Tekwani, B. L., Bacchi, C. J. and Pegg, A. E. (1992) Putrescine activated S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 117 53-61. 

Gomez-Jimenez M, Paredes M, Geillardo M, Femandez-Garda N, Ohnos E, Sanchez-CaUe I (2010) Tissue-specific expression of olive S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase genes and polyamine metabolism during flower opening and eady fruit development. Planta (Bed) 232 629-647... 

Tyrosine is converted to dopa by the rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, which reqnires tetrahydro-biopterin and is inhibited by alpha-methyltyrosine. Dopa is decarboxylated to dopamine by L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, which reqnires pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin Bg) as a coenzyme. Carbidopa, which is used with l-dopa in the treatment of parkinsonism, inhibits this enzyme (see Figure 37). Dopamine is converted to norepinephrine by dopamine beta-hydroxylase, which requires ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and is inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate. Norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine by phenyletha-nolamineN-melhyltransferase (PNMT), requiring S-adenosyl-methionine. The activity of PNMT is stimulated by corticosteroids. 

Fig. (3). Compartmentalization of the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in plant cells. G10H geraniol 16-hydroxylase SLS secologanin synthase TDC tryptophan decarboxylase STR strictosidine synthase SGD strictosidine P-D-glucosidade T16H tabersonine 16-hydroxylase OMT S-adenosyl - L-methionine 16-hydroxytabereonine - 16-O-methyltransferase NMT S-adenosyl - /.-methionine 16-methoxy - 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine - A -methyltransferase D4H desacetoxy vindoline 4-hydroxylase DAT acetylcoenzyme A 4-O-deacetylvindoline 4-O-aeetyltransferase PRX peroxidase.

ODC = ornithine decarboxylase PMT = putrescine methyltransferase MPO = methylputrescine oxidase OCT = ornithine carbamoyltransferase ADC = arginine decarboxylase AIH = agmatine iminohydrolase CPA =/v-carbaiTioylputrescine amidohydroiase SAM = S-adenosyl-methionine... 

Polyamine biosynthesis is associated with regulation of a number of metabolic functions including growth of cells in most of the living organisms. In mammals, ornithine is the precursor of aliphatic polyamines. Putrescine, formed by decarboxylation of the former by ornithine decarboxylase, is the first amine formed in polyamine biosynthesis. Putrescine gives rise to the other two polyamines, spermine and spermidine by successive addition of 3-aminopropyl residues derived from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) in the presence of different enzymes [44] (Chart 7). 

Wrenger, C., Luersen, K., Krause, T., Muller, S., and Walter, R. D. (2001). The Plasmodium falciparum bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, enables a well balanced polyamine synthesis without domain-domain interaction. ]. Biol. Chem. 276,29651-29656. 

Fig. 194. Formation of spermidine and spermine 1 S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase 2 aminopropyltransferase...

Fig. 8.5 Compartmentation of alkaloid biosynthesis in Cathamnthus roseus. AS anthianilate synthase, CR NADPH cathenamine reductase, DAT deacetylvindoline 17-O-acetyltransferase, ER endoplasmic reticulum, GlOH geraniol 10-hydroxylase, GAP glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, NMT S-adenosyl-L-methionine methoxy-2, 16-dihydro-16-hydioxylagersonine-lV-methyltransferase, OHT desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase, SGD strictosidine -glucosidase, STR strictosidine synthase TDC tryptophan decarboxylase, THAS NADPH tetrahydroalstonine reductase (Adopted from Ref. [10])... 

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