Rydberg states experimental measurements

The Rydberg constant is a constant that meets all the criteria established for being deemed fundamental. In addition, the Rydberg constant connects all theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the energy states of any atom. 

Figure 8.22 Photoion vibrational branching fractions (left side) and photoelectron asymmetry parameters (right side) for CO+ X2S+ = 0 — 2 produced by photoionization of CO X1 E+ v = 0 (Hardis, et al., 1988). The ft parameters are obtained from the photoelectron spectra measured simultaneously at two observation angles. The heavy lines are the experimental values and the light lines are the MQDT results from Leyh and Ra eev (1988), convoluted to the experimental energy resolution. The peak at 17.02 eV corresponds to the 3p7r i>+ = 0 Rydberg state converging to the CO+ B2E+ state.

The assignment of the continuum centred at 167 nm to a mainly intravalency Bi state implies the existence of a conjugate Bi Rydberg state, associated with the transition I61 -> 3sai. Two Independent experimental measurements have indicated the population of an additional electronic state at X 136.5 The first follows the identification of irregularities in the vibrational band structure superimposed on the second continuum (see Fig. 3.1.4) which led to the postulate of a bent Rydberg state at X 136 nm, with an effective quantum number (n - 5) = 1.96. This was readily associated with the electron promotion 1 -> 3sui, and subsequent members of the series could be identified at shorter... 

The preceding discussion makes it clear that a vast amount of experimental work remains to be carried out on Penning ionization of molecules, especially on polyatomic molecules. Even for diatomics, uncertainty remains over the relative roles of direct ionization and the two-step mechanism ((45),(46)] involving Rydberg states of BC. At present, PIES probes only the former process, which gives well-defined peaks in the spectra, but these are superimposed on a background, which may contain contributions from ionization via two-step mechanisms. Absolute measurements, which would identify the fraction of ionization occurring via the direct channel, would be very valuable. 

Figure 1. Experimental setup for hyperfine structure and isotope shift measurements of Ba Rydberg states. (Taken from Ref. 28.)...

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