Ruzicka

Hansen, E. H. Ruzicka, J. The Principles of Flow Injection Analysis as Demonstrated by Three Lab Exercises, /. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 677-680. 

Ruzicka, J. Plow Injection Analysis Prom Test Tube to Integrated Microconduits, Anal Chem. 1983, 55, 1040A-1053A. 

R. Ruzicka, Pheno/e undBasen-JCorkommen und Gewinnung, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1958. 

There are a number of reliable estimating techniques for obtaining pure-component hq uid heat capacity as a function of tem )erature, including Ruzicka and Dolmalsld, Tarakad and Danner, " and Lee and Kesler. These methods are somewhat compheated. The relatively single atomic group contribution approach of Chueh and Swanson for liquid heat capacity at 29.3.15 K is presented here ... 

RUZICKA - FUKUSHIMA Rearrangement Base or acid catalyzed rearrangement of I7a-hydroxy-20-keto steroids to 0-tiomo steroids. 

Natural chelidonic acid is obtained from the herb celandine Chelidonium majus). The synthesis from ethyl oxalate and acetone was first described by Claisen the process was simplified by Willstatter and Pummerer and further improved by Ruzicka and Fornasir.- The present procedure is modelled after that of the last-mentioned investigators. 

Ruzicka and Fornasir, Helv. Chim. Acta 3, 811 (rgao). 

Ruzicka s modiftcation of Wallach s original directions for the rearrangement of the oxime. 

C20H3QO4 (p. 728). Ruzicka, Dalma and Scott (1941) have pointed out that formula I cannot be the basis of a general formula for the erythrophloeum alkaloids, because their degradation to 1 7 8-tri-methylphenanthrene would then imply the migration of a methyl group from C to C for which a substituent at C is essential. 

Ketohydroxycassanic acid, C20H32O4, has also been used for another mode of degradation by Ruzicka, Dalma and Scott (1941). On oxidation by chromic acid in acetic acid it yields diketocassanic acid, C20H30O4, m.p. 225°, [a]u ° — 44° (EtOH), which forms a methyl ester, m.p. 108°, (EtOH), and is reduced by sodium amyloxide at 220° to cassanic acid, C20H34O2, m.p. 224°, [a]f - - 3° (CHCI3), which on selenium dehydrogenation also yields 1 7 8-trimethylphenanthrene. 

Ruzicka, Engel, Ronco and Berse have shown that the carboxyl group in cassanic acid is not at position by replacing this carboxyl group by isopropyl, dehydrogenating the product with selenium to a hydrocarbon, which proved not to be identical with a s)mthetic... 

A classic diagnostic use of such stereochemical requirements, due to Ruzicka, is the ring contraction induced in natural products containing the 4,4-dimethyl-5a-3 -ol system (94). The epimeric, axial 3a-alcohols (95) dehydrate without ring contraction. Barton suggested that it is necessary for the four reacting centers (hydroxyl, C-3, C-4, C-5) to be coplanar for ring contraction to occur, and this is only the case with the 3)5-alcohol. 

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