Ruthenium , electroluminescence

The polymers derived from ruthenium(II)-polypyridine complexes have demonstrated promising potential for application in solar energy conversion, sensors, polymer-supported electrodes, nonlinear optics, photorefraction, and electroluminescence [27-32]. 

Despite the extensive application of ruthenium complexes in DSSC, transition metal containing polymers have received relatively little attention in the fabrication of polymeric photovoltaic cells. Most of the early works on ruthenium containing polymers were focused on the light-emitting properties.58-60 Several examples of ruthenium terpyridine/bipyridine containing conjugated polymers and their photoconducting/electroluminescent properties were reported.61,62... 

The ruthenium complex dyes show their electroluminescence in regions of higher wavelength than they absorb (Stokes shift). Because of the large Stokes shift, there is only a minimum peak overlap area between the absorption and the PL emission. Thus, the phenomenon of emission light reabsorbed by the dye is avoided. 

Chang SM, Fan CH, Lai CC, Chao YC, Hu SC. Red electroluminescence from ruthenium complexes. Surf Coat Tech 2006 200(10) 3289-96. Yang J, Gordon KC. Organic light-emitting devices using ruthenium (11) (4,7-diphenyl-l,10-phenanthroline)(3) as dopant. Synth Met 2005 152(l-3) 213-6. 

Chemiluminescence can also be produced by electrochemical oxidation or reduction (electrogenerated chemiluminescence). Ruthenium and osmium chelates show the ability to emit light when undergoing an electrochemical process. Based on this phenomenon, an electroluminescence immunoassay has been developed using a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) chelate as a label. 

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