Russia palladium

Discovered in 1803 by Wollaston, Palladium is found with platinum and other metals of the platinum group in placer deposits of Russia, South America, North America, Ethiopia, and Australia. It is also found associated with the nickel-copper deposits of South Africa and Ontario. Palladium s separation from the platinum metals depends upon the type of ore in which it is found. 

Deposits of ores containing palladium, as well as other metals, are found in Siberia and the Ural Mountains of Russia, Canada, and South Africa, as well as in South America. 

The data of Tables 2 and 3 show that palladium-ruthenium alloys with mass % of ruthenium from 4 to 7 have high hydrogen permeability, catalytic activity toward many reactions with hydrogen evolution or consumption, and good mechanical strength [35]. Seamless tubes with a wall thickness of 100 and 60 p.m, as well as foils of 50-tim thickness made of the mentioned alloy, are commercially available in Russia. The tube of outer diameter of 1 mm and wall thickness of 0.1 mm is stable at a pressure drop of up to 100 atm and a temperature up to 900 K. The application of such tubes for membrane reactor will be discussed in next part of this section. 

As of 2008, Russia and South Africa produced about 82 percent of the palladium mined in the world. Other countries that produce the metal include Canada, the United States, and Zimbabwe. 

Stantso, V. V. 1983. Boron. In Popular Library for Chemical Elements, 1 (Hydrogen-Palladium), ed. I. V. Petrianov-Sokolov, p. 64. Moscow, Russia Nauka. 

There are costs as well as benefits associated with the use of catalytic converters, one being that some of the metals are very expensive. Catalytic converters currently account for about 35% of the platinum, 65% of the palladium, and 95% of the rhodium used annually. All of these metals, which come mainly fiom Russia and South Africa, can be far more expensive than gold. 

K. Klaus began his research in 1840. The then Minister of Finance of Russia E.F. Kankrin, a competent and energetic person, rendered him great assistance Klaus obtained 2 pounds of crude platinum residue and extracted a considerable amount of iridium, rhodium, osmium, and palladium from it, apart from 10% platinum. In addition, Klaus separated a mixture of metals which, in his opinion, had to contain a new substance. 

Most important mineral Palladium is a PGM (platinum group metal). It is mainly found alloyed with other platinum metals in South Africa. Russia, the United States and Canada. In the Canadian Sudbury and the Russian Norilsk deposits the palladium contents are higher than that of platinum. 

The Stillwater deposit in Montana is similar to the Bushveld deposit. Unlike Bushveld the material is richer in palladium than in platinum. The nickel sulfide deposits in Sudbury, Canada, and Norilsk in Russia are important sources of palladium and platinum. 

---