Rupture full bore

Hoff (1983) studied the effect of igniting natural gas after a simulated pipeline rupture by firing a bullet into the gas mixture. The tests were on a 10-cm diameter pipeline operating at an initial pressure of 60 bar and a gas throughput of 400,000 mVday. The openings created in the pipeline simulated full-bore ruptures. Maximum flame speeds of approximately 15 m/s, and maximum overpressures of 1.5 mbar were measured at a distance of 50 m. 

Realistic release incidents1 Process pipes Rupture of the largest diameter process pipe as follows For diameters smaller than 2 in, assume a full bore rupture. For diameters 2-4 in, assume rupture equal to that of a 2-inch-diameter pipe. For diameters greater than 4 in, assume rupture area equal to 20% of the pipe cross-sectional area. 

The worst-case scenario is typically taken to be full-bore rupture of gas or liquid lines. There are circumstances where full-bore rupture is not the worst-case, particularly when there is a restricted inventory to consider. For example. 

Since this correction is readily made, the following discussion a a full-bore pipe rupture, or a= 1. 

Installation (part) Full bore rupture (release from both open ends) Leak with a diameter of 10 % of the nominal diameter, maximum 50 mm... 

There is no standard definition of a rupture. For this survey the definition of CONCAWE is used (Lyons 2002), which reads that a rupture is a hole larger than 75 mm x 10% of the pipeline diameter. Standard modeling of a rupture is a full bore rupture of the pipeline. 

Some analysts use a range of hole sizes from small to large, such as 0.2,1,4 and 6 inches and full bore ruptures for pipes less than 6 inches in diameter. 

---