Rumen, phospholipids

Hay and Morrison (1971) did not neglect the alkyl and alkenyl ethers in milk phospholipids, finding 4% of the latter in phosphatidylethanolamine and 1.3% in phosphatidylcholine. Trans isomers were not found. The authors postulated that the branched chain compounds in the alkenyl ethers were derived from rumen microbial lipids. 

Wang and Johnson (2001) reported on test measurement methods that were major indicators of soybean oil quality. These tests included peroxide value, anisidine value, FFA content, phospholipid content, total tocopherol content, oxidative stability index, color, and moisture content. For soybean meal, they reported on urease activity, protein dispersibility index (PDI), rumen bypass or rumen undegradable protein, trypsin inhibitor activity, moisture content, residual oil content, protein content, fiber content, color, amino acid profiles, and protein solubility under alkaline (KOH) conditions. 

Essential nutrient elements snch as Cu, Fe and Mn can be successfully incorporated into slowly soluble phosphate glass pellets, and fed to ruminant animals (Section 12.9). The glass pellet stays lodged in the rumen for several months where it supplies the nutrient elements [12]. Phospholipids are incorporated in some formnlations to improve animal metabolism. Phosphorus compounds are sometimes added to commercial prodncts for anti-microbial action or to increase their stability. Grains and seeds generally contain more P than hays and grasses, but in the former case much is present as phytic acid salts which are not easily nutritionally available. In some cases appropriate enzymes can be added to rectify this. 

Occurrence in Human Tissues. In an early report, Iversen et al. (19) determined that rumenic acid was present in human plasma phospholipids, with concentrations... 

Most phospholipids contain glycerol, phosphoric acid, a short-chain hydroxy-compound, and long-chain acids or alcohols. Minor variants of this pattern and new ways of associating these components continue to be identified, as for example the phosphatidyl-AT-(2-hydroxyethyl)alanine (16) from rumen protozoa. ... 

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