Room-temperature ionic liquids, green

Earle, M. J. Seddon, K. R. McCormac, P. B. The first high yield green route to a pharmaceutical in a room temperature ionic liquid. Green Chem., 2000, 2(6), 261-262. 

Ott, L. S. Cline, M. L. Deetlefs, M. et al. Nanoclusters in ionic liquids evidence for A-heterocyclic carbene formation from imidazolium-based ionic liquids detected by H-2 NMR, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127(16), 5758-5759 Hamill, N. A., Hardacre, C. McMath, S. E. J. In situ XAES investigation of palladium species present during the Heck reaction in room temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem., 2002, 4(2), 139-142. 

Lo, W.-H., Yang, H.-Y., Wei, G.-T., One-pot desulfurization of light oils by chemical oxidation and solvent extraction with room temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem., 5, 639-642, 2003. 

Dietz, M. L., Dzielawa, J. A., Laszak, L, Young, B. A., Jensen, M. R, Influence of solvent structural variations on the mechanism of facilitated ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem., 5,682-685,2003. 

Aggarwal A, Lancaster NL, Sethi AR et al (2002) The role of hydrogen bonding in controlling the selectivity of Diels-Alder reactions in room-temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem 2 517-520... 

Murphy B, Goodrich P, Hardacre C et al (2009) Green photochemistry photo-Friedel-Crafts acylations of 1,4-naphthoquinone in room temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem 11 1867-1870... 

Singh, T. Trivedi, T. J. Kumar, A. (2010). Dissolution, regeneration and ion-gel formation of agarose in room-temperature ionic liquids. Green Chemistry, VoL 12, No. 6, pp. 1029-1035, ISSN 1463-9262... 

Dietz, ML. Dzielawa, J.A. Laszak, I. Young, B.A. Jensen, M.P. (2003). Influence of Solvent Structural Variations on the Mechanism of Facilitated Ion Transfer into Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Green Chem., Vol.5, No.6, pp. 682-685... 

Rosol, Z.P. German, J. Gross, S.M. (2009) Solubility, ionic conductivity and viscosity of lithium salts in room temperature ionic liquids. Green Ghent., 11 1453-1457. 

Recently, room temperature ionic liquids (RT-ILs) have attracted much attention for their excellent properties, e.g., wide temperature range of liquid phase, ultra-low vapor pressure, chemical stability, potential as green solvents, and high heat capacities [64,65]. These properties make them good candidates for the use in many fields, such as thermal storage [66], electrochemical applications, homogeneous catalysis [67], dye sensitized solar cells [68], and lubricants [69,70]. 

Room-temperature ionic liquids have received much attention as green designer solvents. We first demonstrated that ionic liquids acted as good medium for lipase-catalyzed production of polyesters. The polycondensation of diethyl adipate and 1,4-butanediol using lipase CA as catalyst efficiently proceeded in l-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate under reduced pressure. The polymerization of diethyl sebacate and 1,4-butanediol in l-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate took place even at room temperature in the presence of lipase BC. ... 

Ionic liquids, having per definition a melting point below 100 °C, and especially room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) have attracted much interest in recent years as novel solvents for reactions and electrochemical processes [164], Some of these liquids are considered to be green solvents [165]. The scope of ionic liquids based on various combinations of cations and anions has dramatically increased, and continuously new salts [166-168] and solvent mixtures [169] are discovered. The most commonly used liquids are based on imidazolium cations like l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [bmim] with an appropriate counter anion like hexafluorophos-phate [PFg]. Salts with the latter anion are moisture stable and are sometimes called third generation ionic liquids. 

Dong F, Jun L, Xinli Z, Zhiwen Y, Zuliang L (2007) One-pot green procedure for Biginelli reaction catalyzed by novel task-specific room-temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Catal A Chem 274 208-211... 

Abraham, M.H. and Acree, Jr. W.E., Comparative analysis of solvation and selectivity in room temperature ionic liquids using the Abraham linear free energy relationship, Green. Chem., 8,906,2006. 

Huddleston, J.G. et al.. Characterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation. Green Chem., 3, 156, 2001. 

Oter, O., Ertekin, K., Topkaya, D., and Alp, S., Emission-based optical carbon dioxide sensing with HPTS in green chemistry reagents Room-temperature ionic liquids, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386,1225-1234, 2006. 

Visser, A.E., Swatloski, R.R, and Rogers, R.D., pH-dependent partitioning in room temperature ionic liquids provides a link to traditional solvent extraction behavior. Green Chem., 2,1-4, 2000. 

Fletcher, K.A., Storey, L, Hendricks, A.E., Pandey, S., Pandey, S., Behavior of the solvatochromic probes Reichardt s dye, pyrene, dansylamide, Nile Red and 1-pyrenecarbaldehyde within the room-temperature ionic liquid bmimPF(6), Green Chem., 3, 210-215, 2001. 

Nishi, N., Kawakami, T., Shigematsu, E, Yamamoto, M., Kakiuchi, T., Fluorine-free and hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids, tetraalkylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinates, and their ionic liquid-water two-phase properties, Green Chem., 8, 349-355, 2006. 

Huddleston, J. G., Visser, A. E., Reichert, W. M., Willauer, H. D., Broker, G. A., and Rogers, R. D., Gharacterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation. Green Chem., 3,156-164, 2001. 

Room-temperature ionic liquids may be used as green recyclable alternatives to chlorinated solvents for stereoselective halogenation.577 The bromination of alkenes and alkynes in [bmim][Br] is a/m -stereospecific, whereas that of 1,3-dienes gives selectively the 1,4-addition products. The reactions of arylacetylenes, however, are not selective when carried out in [bmim][PF6]. Tetraethylammonium trichloride, a stable crystalline solid may be used in the chlorination of alkenes and alkynes to afford the products with exclusive anti stereoselectivity.578 It has... 

Q. Liu, M. H. A. Janssen, F. van Rantwijk, and R. A. Sheldon, Room-temperature ionic liquids that dissolve carbohydrates in high concentrations, Green Chem., 7 (2005) 39 42. 

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