Rome Beauty apples

Table III. Stripping Interval for Rome Beauty Apples...

Table I. Surface Residues of DDT on Rome Beauty Apples at Harvest...

Table IV gives the data from seven plots of Winesap and Rome Beauty apples in the Mississippi Valley. The spray schedules are similar to those used for the plots included in Table III, except that an additional parathion spray was applied on plots 9, 11, 14, and 4 on August 19, and the final harvest sample was taken on October 5. Only on the plot that was sprayed seven times with the 8-ounce strength of parathion (plot 14) did the spray residue at harvest approximate 0.1 p.p.m.

An exploratory spectrophotometric examination of subsurface extractants obtained from fully ripe Rome Beauty apples, previously sprayed with a deliberate overdosage of a parathion wettable powder, revealed a shift in the absorption maximum of the dyed product to the right of that found for the dyed technical parathion. 

Apples. The Rome Beauty apples used in the wash tests were sampled from trees that had received varying amounts of DDT mixtures in as many as six cover sprays. Duplicate or triplicate samples of 30 apples each were taken at random for the residue analyses from the fruit passed through each experimental wash mixture. Additional lots of 30 washed apples each were placed in cold storage for subsequent examinations. Unless otherwise indicated, all washing tests were run in a flood-type washer of recent design (a BADD washer with a heated prewash tank unit, an unheated main tank unit, a water rinse tank unit, and a velour roller dryer unit, manufactured by the Bean-Cutler Division, Food Machinery Corporation, San Jose, Calif.). Surface deposits of DDT were determined as described (10, 12) on samples taken just before and immediately after the washing treatments. 

Table I. Removal of DDT Surface Residues from Rome Beauty Apples with Sodium...

Table I. Ethylene Content of Rome Beauty Apples during Postirradiation Storage ...

Table IV. Parathion Residues on Rome Beauty and Winesap Apples, Mississippi Valley...

Table VIII shows the residues of DDT at harvest on Rome Beauty and Winesap apples in the Mississippi Valley. The plot treatments are the same as for Jonathan and Starking Delicious apples (Table VII) except that a seven-spray schedule was used. The residues at harvest shown in Table VIII are greater than those in Table VII. A comparison shows that when six cover sprays of DDT are applied without adhesives the harvest residues are approximately 7 p.p.m. or slightly more. If, however, seven cover sprays are applied, the residues may exceed 9 p.p.m. of DDT, unless the concentration is reduced to less than 1 pound of DDT in 100 gallons.

Fifty-five samples of apples—Jonathan, Delicious, Rome Beauty, and Winesap— were collected from commercially sprayed orchards that had received a single parathion spray and where the spray program was known. These samples were analyzed by the previously described method and the results are presented in Table V. 

Martins et al. (2002) investigated the natural co-occurrence of patulin and citrinin on 351 samples of seven apple varieties. The percentage of samples contaminated with patulin only was 68.6%, whereas contamination with citrinin only was 3.9%. Co-occurrence of both mycotoxins occurred in 19.6% of the samples. The maximum mean patulin concentration was 80.5 mg/kg for Richared variety, and the maximum mean citrinin concentration was 0.92 mg/kg for Rome beauty variety. Because the ratio of weight of the rotten area to the total weight was about one-third, a direct risk for myco-toxin ingestion for consumers seems unlikely. Apples with such a high... 

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