Rocks, strengthening

Acrylates (concrete wetting agent, adhesive) Polyurethanes, also catalysts (rock strengthening) Preservatives (skin protection creams, technical oils) Antimycotics... 

Grouted barriers use a variety of fluids injected into a rock or soil mass, which is set in place to reduce water flow and strengthen the formation. Grouted barriers are seldom used for containing groundwater flow in unconsolidated materials around hazardous waste sites because they cost more and have lower permeability than bentonite slurry walls. Nevertheless, they are suited to sealing voids in rock for waste sites remediation. 

Addn of powdered metals strengthen the expls but not as much as was reported in the literature 4) The behawior of water-filled expls at temps near fr p of AN solns is unclear and should be investigated 5) water-filled expls are economical and efficient for very hard rocks and 6) The most efficient economically is a combined construction of the blasting chge in which the powerful and expensive expl is charged only to the lower part of the borehole]... 

Warren s (1985) review cited numerous other lines of evidence favoring the magma ocean hypothesis. Warren s (1985) second argument, the extreme antiquity of many pristine nonmare rocks, has been strengthened by recent work on... 

When the coal pillar width between 3 m and 5 m, the lateral abutment pressure peak area can be avoided and with the increase of coal pillar width, the coal bearing capacity is strengthened while the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway is decreased. In this range, an appropriate increase of coal piUar width is beneficial to control roadway surrounding rock deformation. 

Regularities measured were used to develop a composition intended to strengthen rocks for mining purposes, e.g., in coal production. Compositions used currently comprise polyisocyanate and polyol mixed before pumping into the rocks. Usually the pump-in procedure is performed using 150 atmospheres pressure and tiny cracks are opened in rocks for the composition to penetrate into and glue after curing. 

Current compositions are still not able to strengthen water-saturated rocks, because they do not wet such rocks, which are usually clay shale in water. In addition, polyisocyanate reacts not only with... 

Epoxy, polyester, and polyurethane resins were used as the basis for our compositions all of which display the ability to reliably strengthen rocks containing water, thus demonstrating the possibility of using the techniques developed to adjust polymer composite properties irrespective of their content. 

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