Ribonucleic acids deoxy-, structure

In deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) the carbohydrate is 2-deoxy-D-ribose, while in ribonucleic acid (RNA) the carbohydrate residue is ribose. Three types of RNA were recognized, and they can be messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is the most abundant in cells. Values between 10 and 10 Dalton have been reported for the molecular weight of DNA, and the molecular weight is about 10 for rRNA, 10 for mRNA, and lOMor rRNA. The simplified structures of DNA and RNA are the following ... 

As implied in the Introduction, both proteins and (deoxy)ribonucleic acids can be viewed as ideal tyligomers—that is, the archetypal biological examples of discrete, high molecular weight macromolecules of mixed sequences with compact solution conformations assembled from many subunits of secondary structure. In our assessment of the literature, we have organized foldamer systems into four... 

Some monosaccharides, called pentoses, contain only five carbon atoms. The most important pentoses are D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, which are present in nucleic acids, D-ribose in the ribonucleic acids (RNA), and 2-deoxy-D-ribose in the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA —see Section 15-6). These pentoses have the structural formulas shown below. In the nucleic acids they are cyclized, with the oc structure. 

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