Rhone water temperature

Super-Phenix 1 operation after fuel storage drum shutdown period (July-August 1989 limited power due to Rhone water temperature and flow and A turbine unavailable). 

Rhone-Poulenc operates another biphasic process, the hydrogenation of a, 8-unsaturated aldehydes (64). The catalyst is readily made from hydrated RuC13 and tppts in water. The hydrogenation of various reactants (cinna-maldehyde, crotonaldehyde, or prenal) proceeds smoothly at low temperatures and under moderate partial pressures. It is possible to recycle the aqueous catalytic phase. The process is said to operate in a pilot plant, but the capacities are not known. 

Dynamically formed membranes were pursued for many years for reverse osmosis because of their high water fluxes and relatively good salt rejection, especially with brackish water feeds. However, the membranes proved to be unstable and difficult to reproduce reliably and consistently. For these reasons, and because high-performance interfacial composite membranes were developed in the meantime, dynamically formed reverse osmosis membranes fell out of favor. A small application niche in high-temperature nanofiltration and ultrafiltration remains, and Rhone Poulenc continues their production. The principal application is poly(vinyl alcohol) recovery from hot wash water produced in textile dyeing operations. 

Obvious advantages of the Ruhrchemie/Rhone-Poulenc process originate from the very mild catalyst/product separation conditions and the straightforward way of dealing with heavies. The latter are easily separated from the catalyst due to their even lower water-soluble nature. Less obvious, but very important advantages of the process arise from the attractive heat integration options offered by the favorable temperature levels of all unit operations and the unique heat transfer and heat storage properties of the reaction solvent water. 

In order to understand the crack propagation mechanisms in HAP, and in particular the role of water, relaxation tests were conducted on the same specimen at room temperature in three different media, namely in ambient air, liquid water and silicon oil (Rhodorsil 710, Rhone Poulenc, France). To obtain reproducible results in liquid environments, precracked specimens were cleaned by ultrasonic cleaner in acetone and then in ethyl alcohol for 5 minutes to insure a perfectly clean crack path. They were subsequently put in a desiccator under 10 hPa vacuum for 1 hour and dropped into the test liquid environment while vacuum was maintained for an additional hour. They were further transferred to the testing jig without any contact with ambient atmosphere. This procedure insures perfect wettability of the liquid along the crack path. In order to increase the significance of the results, three successive relaxation curves were conducted on the same specimen, first in air, then in water and oil. This ensures that no variation occurs from one sample to another. 

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