Rheology volume

De Kee, D. Turcotte, G. Code, R.K. Rheological characterisation of time-dependent foodstuffs. In Rheology Volume 3 Applications Astarita, G., Marrucci, G., Nicolais, L., Eds. Plenum Press New York, 1980 609-614. 

Ippolito, M. Rheology of disperse systems-influence of NaCl on the viscous properties of aqueous bentonite suspensions. In Rheology Volume 2 Fluids Astarita, G.,... 

Fig. 18. Voluminosity at a certain concentration Voc as a function of the rheological volume concentration for chain-polymers of different molecular weight.

This is a landmark paper on the nature of the vitreous body, describing the mechanochemical (or double-network ) model. This model explains satisfactorily the correlations between some properties of the vitreous (composition, rheology, volume, cell population, transparency) and the physicochemical principles governing its stability (frictional interaction, expansion/contraction, the excluded-volume concept, and the molecular-sieve effect). 

Onogi Shigharu, and Asada Tadahiro. Rheology and iheo-optics of polymer liquid crystals. In Rheology, volume 1, eds. Astarita Giovanni Marrucci Giuseppe, Nicolais Luigi, pp. 127-147. New York Plenum, 1980. 

R. S. Rivlin, in Rheology, Volume 1, edited by F. R. Eirich, Academic Press, New York, 1956. 

H. Tanaka and A. Sakanishi, Proc. 5ih Intern. Cong. Rheology. Volume 4, University of Tokyo Press, 1970, p. 243. 

Filler particle si2e distribution (psd) and shape affect rheology and loading limits of filled compositions and generally are the primary selection criteria. On a theoretical level the influence of particle si2e is understood by contribution to the total energy of a system (2) which can be expressed on a unit volume basis as ... 

Rheology. The rheology of foam is striking it simultaneously shares the hallmark rheological properties of soHds, Hquids, and gases. Like an ordinary soHd, foams have a finite shear modulus and respond elastically to a small shear stress. However, if the appHed stress is increased beyond the yield stress, the foam flows like a viscous Hquid. In addition, because they contain a large volume fraction of gas, foams are quite compressible, like gases. Thus foams defy classification as soHd, Hquid, or vapor, and their mechanical response to external forces can be very complex. 

Although aH these models provide a description of the rheological behavior of very dry foams, they do not adequately describe the behavior of foams that have more fluid in them. The shear modulus of wet foams must ultimately go to zero as the volume fraction of the bubbles decreases. The foam only attains a solid-like behavior when the bubbles are packed at a sufficiently large volume fraction that they begin to deform. In fact, it is the additional energy of the bubbles caused by their deformation that must lead to the development of a shear modulus. However, exactly how this modulus develops, and its dependence on the volume fraction of gas, is not fuHy understood. 

Foams have a wide variety of appHcations that exploit their different physical properties. The low density, or high volume fraction of gas, enable foams to float on top of other fluids and to fiU large volumes with relatively Httle fluid material. These features are of particular importance in their use for fire fighting. The very high internal surface area of foams makes them useful in many separation processes. The unique rheology of foams also results in a wide variety of uses, as a foam can behave as a soHd, while stiH being able to flow once its yield stress is exceeded. 

Rheology. Flow properties of latices are important during processing and in many latex appHcations such as dipped goods, paint, inks (qv), and fabric coatings. For dilute, nonionic latices, the relative latex viscosity is a power—law expansion of the particle volume fraction. The terms in the expansion account for flow around the particles and particle—particle interactions. For ionic latices, electrostatic contributions to the flow around the diffuse double layer and enhanced particle—particle interactions must be considered (92). A relative viscosity relationship for concentrated latices was first presented in 1972 (93). A review of empirical relative viscosity models is available (92). In practice, latex viscosity measurements are carried out with rotational viscometers (see Rpleologicalmeasurement). 

Extensional Viscosity. In addition to the shear viscosity Tj, two other rheological constants can be defined for fluids the bulk viscosity, iC, and the extensional or elongational viscosity, Tj (34,49,100—107). The bulk viscosity relates the hydrostatic pressure to the rate of deformation of volume, whereas the extensional viscosity relates the tensile stress to the rate of extensional deformation of the fluid. Extensional viscosity is important in a number of industrial processes and problems (34,100,108—110). Shear properties alone are insufficient for the characterization of many fluids, particularly polymer melts (101,107,111,112). 

Volume I of Adhesion Science and Engineering dealt with the mechanics of adhesive bonds and the rheology of adhesives. Volume II deals with the other two disciplines that make up adhesion science, surfaces and chemistry. In addition, this volume describes several applications of adhesion science and engineering. 

Rheological experiments have shown that the relative viscosity of compositions filled with the above materials is an exponential function of filler content by volume. The impact of an otherwise constant quantity of filler increases in the series FP — LDP — SDP, i.e., symbatically with the probability of particle comminution in the plasticization process. This effect is most clearly apparent for... 

The flow of plastics is compared to that of water in Fig. 8-5 to show their different behaviors. The volume of a so-called Newtonian fluid, such as water, when pushed through an opening is directly proportional to the pressure applied (the straight dotted line), the flow rate of a non-Newtonian fluid such as plastics when pushed through an opening increases more rapidly than the applied pressure (the solid curved line). Different plastics generally have their own flow and rheological rates so that their non-Newtonian curves are different. 

Dilatant Basically a material with the ability to increase the volume when its shape is changed. A rheological flow characteristic evidenced by an increase in viscosity with increasing rate of shear. The dilatant fluid, or inverted pseudoplastic, is one whose apparent viscosity increases simultaneously with increasing rate of shear for example, the act of stirring creates instantly an increase in resistance to stirring. 

The relative rate of volume increase of single cells is also related to the wall rheological properties by ... 

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