Rhamnose lipids

TABLE 1 Characteristic Data on the Microbial Production of Rhamnose Lipids (RLs), Trehalose Corynomycolates (TL-Cs), and Anionic Trehalose Lipids (TLs), Respectively... 

Lang, S. and WuUbrandt, D. (1999) Rhamnose lipids-biosynthesis, microbial production and application potential. AppL Microbiol. Biotechnol., 51, 22-32. 

Florida, has major compounds from lipids and taraxerol with intermediate levels of glucose, rhamnose and mycose (Fig. 9c). 

Abbreviations Abe, abequose Man, mannose Rha, rhamnose Gal, galactose Gic. glucose GlcN Ac, N-acetyl-glucosamine Hep, / lycero-/)-manno/joctulosonic acid Etn, ethanolamine FA. fatty acids-, Gy, phosphate. Mutants that produce incomplete polysaccharide are designated Ra to Re and are indicated by the solid lines SI. PS refers to wild type I. PS. Position and number of fa tty acids linked to lipid A have been updated by Westpha et al. (46). 

Figure 2 Examples of glycosyl donors. Nucleotide donors are represented by UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal), GDP-fucose (GDP-Fuc), GMP-N-acetyIneuraminic acid (CMP-sialic acid, CMP-Neu5Ac), GDP-galactose (GDP-Gal), dTDP-rhamnose (dTDP-Rha), and dTDP-daunosamine lipid phosphate donors are represented by Lipid II and dolichol-phosphate-glucose (Dol-P-GIc) sugar phosphate donors are represented by glucose-1-phosphate. The saccharides are transferred from these donors by GTs to form oligo/polysaccharides and glycoconjugate products.

The principal units from which the polysaccharides are constructed are D-arabinose, o-mannose, D-galactose and L-rhamnose. Inositol is a constituent peculiar to lipid derivatives. The presence of a phosphory-lated polysaccharide has been reported. 

The rhamnolipid B (70) has the molecular structure of biosurfactants, comprising a hydrophilic part (rhamnose moiety) and a hydrophobic part ((3-hydroxydecanoate moiety) [151]. The biosurfactant property of this glycolipid was supposed to confer the ability to intercalate into and disrupt the zoospore plasma membrane [152,153]. However, other glycolipids such as sophorolipids and trehalose lipids, which have chemical properties similar to the rhamnolipids, did not show zoosporicidal activity at concentrations up to 1000 pg/ml. 

Figure 2.9 Generalized structures of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A. Abbreviations Abe, abequose Man, Mannose Rha, rhamnose Gal, galactose Glc, glucose Hep, heptose KDO, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid 0, phosphate EtN, ethanolamine M, myristate Mo, y3-hydroxymyristate. Reproduced with permission from Harwood and Russell (1984).

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