Restricted maximum likelihood REML

Linear mixed effects (LME) models express the response variable as a linear function of both the fixed effects and the random effects, with an additive within-unit error, see Laird and Wase (1) or Searle et al. (2) for a good review of methodology. The frequentist approach to LME models is generally Ukelihood-based, with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) being the preferred method of estimation (3). 

One criticism of PL is that it does not take into account the loss of degrees of freedom in estimating 0f, which leads to a modification of the PL objective function called restricted maximum likelihood (REML)... 

Lopez-Rodas, V. et al.. Analysis of polygenic traits of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) strains by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures 2. Microcystin net production, photosynthesis and respiration, Phycologia, 45, 243, 2006. 

Panel means of intensity per flavor/concentration were obtained from the scaled data by fitting variance components using restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Panelists were considered a random... 

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