Response signal acquisition/analysis

Irrespective of the method chosen, meaningful data can only be obtained if the appropriate level of signal to noise (S/N) is reached in the spectrum of each analyte. This has been achieved for Raman measurements through short data acquisition times (<1 s) and application of mathematical approaches such as If-harmonic means clustering (KHMC), factor analysis [57] and principal component analysis (PCA) [58] to the data set. Ultimately the sample response to the excitation energy determines the speed that a measurement can be made. 

In addition, the methodology was applied to fluorescence imaging based on the autofluorescence signals of native molecules in cells or tissues. The imaging system is capable of the rapid acquisition of fluorescence intensities as a function of Em, t, and xy-positions, which is achieved by line illumination of the excitation laser beam. We applied this system to the analysis of a plant defense response, accumulation of phytoalexin in oat leaves, induced by elicitor treatment. In oat leaves treated with an elicitor, we successfully observed weakly fluorescent components, one of which possibly originated from avenanthramide A as a phytoalexin, in addition to the strong fluorescence from chlorophyll molecules. 

This experimental system consists of coal spontaneous combustion experiment platform, computer monitoring, control system, gas collection and analysis system as shown in Eigure 1. Coal spontaneous combustion experiment platform mainly includes air pump, coal sample reaction tank, oven, oil-gas separator, water tank, volumetric flowmeter etc. Computer monitoring and control system includes responsible for data acquisition, signal processing hardware system and the software of the experimental oven process control system. 

A study of the residence time distribution (RTD) analysis of liquid phase has been performed. The liquid RTD is determined by means of the tracer response technique. An approximated 8-Dirac pnilse of tracer solution (NaCl) is injected into the reactors at a certain time (t = 0) and the outlet signal is detected by conductivity probe and recorded by the acquisition system. The tracer is injected as quickly as possible to obtain as closely as practical a 8-pulse of tracer at the inlet. 

---