Resonance fluorescence definition

In this review the definition of orientation and orientation functions or orientation averages will be considered in detail. This will be followed by a comprehensive account of the information which can be obtained by three spectroscopic techniques, infra-red and Raman spectroscopy and broad line nuclear magnetic resonance. The use of polarized fluorescence will not be discussed here, but is the subject of a contemporary review article by the author and J. H. Nobbs 1. The present review will be completed by consideration of the information which has been obtained on the development of molecular orientation in polyethylene terephthalate and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) where there are also clearly defined changes in the conformation of the molecule. In this paper, particular attention will be given to the characterization of biaxially oriented films. Previous reviews of this subject have been given by the author and his colleagues, but have been concerned with discussion of results for uniaxially oriented systems only2,3). 

This corresponds to (f + d" ) lv(0), except that for the present pourposes we took into account the dispersionof f by an additional factor 1.4. N is the number of resonant atoms which form a definite structure, e.g. as metal binding sites a macromolecule. The ratio of resonant zero angle scattering to fluorescence Op in forward direction is... 

The following entry defines the commonly used stability constants (stepwise, overall, conditional, association, dissociation, and pK) and relates the values to a rigorous thermodynamic definition of equilibrium constants. In addition, the article briefly outlines experimental techniques (potentiometric titration, spectroscopic methods involving ultraviolet/visible, infrared, Raman, fluorescence. and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), together with the numerical methods and computer programs that can be used to derive stability constants from such experimental data. 

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), Fig. 1 (a) Jablonski diagram illustrating FRET and related processes, including excitation of the donor, radiative (solid line) and non-radiative (dashed lines) relaxation on the donor and acceptor, vibrational relaxation (short curved arrows), and transitions associated with FRET (dotted lines). Processes that determine the FRET efficiency are indicated in bold, (b) Illustration of spectral overlap between Cy3 (donor) emission and Cy5 (acceptor) absorption, (c) Definition of the angles used to calculate... 

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