Resole Metal hydroxides

Resoles based on 4-terf-octy[ iesi(A react with alkaline-earth metal hydroxides to yield metal resinates. The resinate is combined with natural or synthetic mbber to produce an adhesive. The 4-/ l -octylphenol-based resin gives the adhesive its initial tack which holds the two surfaces undergoing bonding together while the other components of the adhesive undergo final curing. 

As indicated previously, resols prepared with ammonia as catalyst are different in some respects from those produced with metal hydroxides. The ammonia probably enters into the resin structure since various nitrogen-containing compounds have been obtained by treating methylolphenols with ammonia. Included in the compounds which have been obtained in this way are bis- and tris(hydroxybenzyl) amines, e.g. ... 

Isomeric composition of resolic oligomers is determined by the nature of the catalyst, pH value, and the composition of the reaction medium. Thus, substitution for NaOH by hydroxides or oxides of alkaline-earth metals increases the ortho derivative content of the reaction product. The same modification is obtained by reducing pH value to as low as 6-8 or carrying out the process in a medium with a low water content. As a rule, resolic oligomers have an extremely heterogeneous composition, which represents one of the main causes of structural faults found in resite. These faults determine the alteration of the physicomechanical performance of resite [8]. 

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