Resistance population mobility

Population mobility is a very important behavioral factor for resistance development. The influx of migrants tends to dilute the frequency of resistance among survivors of treatments, especially for highly mobile insects such as the fall army worm and velvetbean caterpillar. Computer simulation indicated that a moderate rate of immigration of susceptible individuals could ensure the containment of resistance if the initial population was of low density and if a short-lived pesticide was used in regular treatments. 

Equation 3.56 indicates that the biofilm essentially behaves like an immobilized water layer, with a resistance that is independent of the biofilm-water partition coefficient. Evidently, when the growth rate of the biofilm and the diffusion rate of the contaminants are of similar magnitude, this highly idealized model breaks down, and it can be expected in those cases that highly hydrophobic compounds will have more difficulty in reaching the membrane than less hydrophobic (more mobile) compounds. Also, Eq. 3.56 will likely fail to predict solute transport in biofilms with sizable populations of invertebrates because of bioturbation. 

Given the resistance of the population and the bureaucratic-military imperative of a crash program, violence was inevitable. Threats were all but universal. Those slated to move were again told that famine relief would be accorded only to those who moved peacefully. The militia and the army were mobilized to provide transport and to compel compliance. People were told that if they did not pull down their houses and load them into the government trucks, the authorities would pull down the houses. In order to prevent those forcibly moved from re-... 

To connect the two markedly different scenarios observed in the static and the well-mixed environments, it is natural to analyze the role of increasing mobility (Reichenbach et al., 2007). Karolyi et al. (2005) studied the above competition model combined with dispersion by a chaotic map that represents advection of fluid elements in the alternating sine-flow. By continuously changing the frequency of the chaotic dispersion as a control parameter, it is possible to follow the transitions between the two limiting situations. When the chaotic mixing is much faster than the local population dynamics, the killer and resistant cells gradually disappear from the population and only the sensitive cells survive. This is because the killer cells... 

Resistance factors, particularly those carried on mobile elements, can spread rapidly within human and animal populations. Multidrug-resistant pathogens are mobile on a local and global scale, with newly introduced pathogens spreading rapidly in susceptible hosts. Antibiotic resistance patterns may vary locally and regionally, hence... 

A little later in the war a spokesman for the Fifth Air Force would point out that since the Japanese government was mobilizing civilians to resist invasion, the entire population of Japan is a proper military target. Onto the proper military target of working-class Tokyo LeMay de-... 

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