Resistance in fish

Scholander and co-workers (1953, 1957 Gordon et al., 1962) made some of the initial significant observations on freezing resistances in fishes that could be interpreted on a molecular basis. They reported that the blood sera of Arctic fish had lower freezing temperatures than did the blood seras of fish not adapted to the cold. But, most important, they observed that the substances in the serum that helped to lower the freezing temperature were not due to salts, and that on chemical fractionation of the serum these substances were found in the fraction soluble in trichloroacetic acid. Other workers (Lievestad, 1965) also conducted related studies but in a more physiological vein. 

De Vries, A. I. Cold Resistance in Fishes in Relation to Protective Glyco-... 

S0RUM H (2006) Antimicrobial drug resistance in fish pathogens, in Aarestrup F (ed.) Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin. Washington DC ASM Press, 213-238. 

FJALESTAD K T, GJEDREM T and GJERDE B (1993), Genetic improvement of disease resistance in fish an overview, Aquaculture, 111, 65-74. 

MIDTLYNG P J, STORSET A, MICHEL C, SLIERENDRECHT W J and OKAMOTO N (2002), Breeding for disease resistance in fish, Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol, 21,166. 

PVA fiber ropes are widely used in fishing and on ships, because of excellent weather resistance, coiling property, ease of handling, twist stabihty, etc. For this purpose spun yams obtained directly from tow by the Pedok spinning system are used. 

Other groups tested are comparatively resistant (i.e., adverse effects occur at >45 pg/L). In fish, for example, death occurred at >33,000 pg/L. 

Table II - Ratios of Insecticide Accumulated in Livers to That in Brains in Susceptible (S) and Resistant (R) Fish Exposed to the l c-label led Insecticide for 6 hr...

Table IX - Radioactivity in Livers of Susceptible (S) Fish Exhibiting Symptoms of Poisoning (s) and S and Resistant (R) Fish not Exhibiting Symptoms of Poisoning (a). Fish were Exposed to 30 yg/1 14c-dieldrin for 6 hra...

Hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities demonstrated seasonal trends, with higher specific activities in the cold weather months in both populations with few differences in enzyme activities or cytochrome levels between the two populations. Metabolism of aldrin, dieldrin and DDT was similar between the two populations. R fish have larger relative liver size and, therefore, a greater potential for xenobiotic metabolism. However, biotransformation appears to be of minor importance in chlorinated alicyclic insecticide resistance in mosquitofish barriers to penetration appear to be of greater importance and an implied target site insensitivity appears to be the most important factor in resistance. 

Ishida Y, Ahmed AM, Mahfouz NB et al (2010) Molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from fish farms in Egypt. J Vet Med Sci 72(6) 727-734... 

Petersen A., J.S. Andersen, T. Kaewmak, T. Somsiri, and A. Dalsgaard (2002). Impact of integrated fish fanning on antimicrobial resistance in a pond environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 6036-6042. 

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