Residual density of states

The d-wave model has also been supported strongly by the impurity effect. Ishida et al. found a linear temperature dependence of Cu on 1 /T at low temperatures, when Zn is added as an impurity to YBCO7, as seen in Fig. 15, and proposed a residual density of states to appear for E—>0 as in the inset of... 

Fig. 16.48 This residual density of states was pointed out theoretically to appear in the unitarity limit scattering by non-magnetic impurities in p- or d-wave superconductors in a heavy fermion study.49 From this result it became possible to explain the BCS-like temperature dependence of the penetration depth, A,50 which supported strongly the. 9-wave pairing model in high-7 , superconductors at an early stage, in terms of the d-wave + impurity model.51 53...

The distribution of the residual density of states has theoretically been calculated by Onishi et al.54 In Fig. 17 the behaviour of the T T= constant plot for Bi221237 and T1222336 are attributed to crystal imperfections. Non-annealed as-grown T12223 has a 7, of 115 K where the linear part in 1/7 is... 

Figure 18 shows the relations between Tc and the residual density of states Ares55 that are obtained from the expressions,... 

Fig. 18. Tc plotted against the residual density of states obtained from 1 / T ( ) and K(Q) in YBa2(Cui. vZnx)07, from 1/77 in T12223, Bi2212, UPd2Al3, Lai.ssSro.isCuC + Znl% and Sr2Ru04.

Bakhshi, A. L., P. Otto, C.-M. Liegener, E. Rehm, and J. Ladik. 1990. Modeling of Real 20-Component Protein Chains Determination of the Electronic Density of States Different Amino Acid Residues, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 38, 573-583. 

Traditionally, charge-carrier transport in pure and doped a-Se is considered within the framework of the multiple-trapping model [17], and the density-of-state distribution in this material was determined from the temperature dependence of the drift mobility and from xerographic residual measurements [18] and posttransient photocurrent analysis. 

Analysis of the time and temperature dependent decay of the surface voltage on an amorphous film after charging, but prior to exposure (xerographic dark decay), and of residual decay after exposure can (in combination) be used to map the density of states. 

Fig. 18 Relation between the high T value of 1 /T1 taken at 300 K, for 13C NMR, in different compounds as a function of the residual metallic density of states obtained at low T. Inset zoom on the low temperature of 1 ITXT in Na2C60 to emphasize the constant contribution typical of a weak metallicity...

The first example is the results of the calculation of the residual entropy of the ordinary ice [126,127], This calculation shows how accurate the density of states can be obtained by multicanonical simulations from the reweighting formula of (4.24). 

Data for 0-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 [20,98] are also included in Fig. 19. Ru is positive and falls sharply below 20 K. Fortune et al. [99] attribute this fall to the effect of a phase transition at 23 K (possibly a SDW) and suggest that the latter causes a reduction of about 50% in the electronic density of states. This is the reason put forward for the lower superconducting transition temperature (Tsc = 1.5 K) of the ambient pressure 0L phase compared with the pH phase, which is stable above 0.5 kbar and has Tsc = 8 K. However, in contrast to this, Bulaevskii [3] attributed the suppression of to the larger disorder, corresponding to a residual resistivity of about 170 pilcm, which is larger than for other (BEDT-TTF)2X superconductors. So more experiments are needed to verify the above hypothesis. Susceptibility anisotropy measurements may be useful in this respect, because they are more sensitive to the formation of a SDW than the static susceptibility of randomly oriented single crystals (Fig. 4, Section IV). 

Nevertheless, discrimination between different metal atoms at many different alloy surfaces has been observed in constant current mode, a phenomenon known as chemical contrast [22]. The basis for such images is a resolution which is high enough to probe small differences between the atoms, e.g., in electron density of states. This means that the residual noise of the STM in z... 

When, in an Auger transition, one or both of the final state holes lie in the valence band of a solid, the spectrum observed is simply the selfconvolution of the valence band density of states (DOS) so the shape of a core-valence (core W) AES profile should contain information about the valence band. Chemisorption induces modifications of the local DOS at the surface that lead to changes in the line shapes of the ejected electrons ( fine structure )) for example, sulfur as a monolayer on a Ni(lOO) surface in the structure c(2 x 2) S is characterized as having a residual d-band... 

In view of the discrete character of these roots the symbol di is added to poo-The contribution to the local density of states occurs at discrete values c, outside the surface-valence electron band. The contribution at each value is given by the residues ... 

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