Reptiles fenvalerate

Synthetic pyrethroids now account for at least 30% of the world insecticide market and are rapidly replacing other agricultural chemicals for control of insect pests. Fenvalerate is one of the more widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. It is derived from a combination of a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and a-isopropyl phenylacetate ester. Technical fenvalerate is a mixture of four optical isomers, each occurring in equal amounts but with different efficacies against insect pests. Fenvalerate does not usually persist in the environment for >10 weeks, and it does not accumulate readily in the biosphere. Time for 50% loss (Tb 1/2) in fenvalerate-exposed amphibians, birds, and mammals was 6 to 14 h for reptiles, terrestrial insects, aquatic snails, and fish it was >14 h to <2 days and for various species of crop plants, it was 2 to 28 days. Fenvalerate degradation in water is due primarily to photoactivity, and in soils to microbial activity. Half-time persistence in nonbiological materials is variable, but may range up to 6 days in freshwater, 34 days in seawater, 6 weeks in estuarine sediments, and 9 weeks in soils. 

In biological samples, fenvalerate neither persists for lengthy periods nor is readily accumulated (Smith and Stratton 1986 Cooper 1991). In general, fenvalerate is rapidly (i.e., Tb 1/2 of 6 to 14 h) excreted by amphibians, birds, and mammals has low persistence in various reptiles, terrestrial... 

Fenvalerate persists for <10 weeks in the environment and does not accumulate readily in the biosphere. Time for 50% loss (Tb 1/2) in fenvalerate-exposed amphibians, birds, and mammals is 6 to 14 h. For reptiles, terrestrial insects, aquatic snails, and fish, it is usually >14 h to <2 days and for crop plants, it is 2 to 28 days. In nonbiological compartments, Tb 1/2 is up to 6 days in freshwater, 34 days in seawater, 6 weeks in estuarine sediments, and 9 weeks in soils. 

---