Reproducibility second-generation

FIGURE 6-5 Second-generation enzyme electrode sequence of events that occur in a mediated system. (Reproduced with permission from reference 12.)... 

The second-generation 02" biosensors are mainly based on the electron transfer of SOD shuttled by surface-confined or solution-phase mediators, as shown in Scheme 2(b). In 1995, Ohsaka et al. found that methyl viologen could efficiently shuttle the electron transfer between SOD and the glassy carbon electrode and proposed that such a protocol could be useful for developing 02 biosensors [125], Recently, Endo et al. reported an 02, biosensor based on mediated electrochemistry of SOD [148], In that case, ferrocene-carboxaldehyde was used as the mediator for the redox process of SOD. The as-developed 02 biosensor showed a high sensitivity, reproducibility, and durability. A good linearity was obtained in the range of 0 100 pM. In the flow cell system, tissue-derived 02 was measured. 

At 45 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg, there was no significant difference from controls in reproductive organ development, fertility, mating behavior, embryotoxicity, or developmental abnormalities at 125 mg/kg diet, survival was significantly lower, fewer pairs reproduced, and females matured later second generation mice were more resistant than the first generation (Dial and Dial 1987a)... 

Figure 5.6 Schematic diagram of the second-generation CIEF-RPLC-MS system. Reproduced from F. Zhou and M. Johnston, Electrophoresis, 28, 1383-1388 (2005), with permission from Wiley-VCH...

When spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar/Kyoto rats were fed perilla or safflower oil, Yamamoto and colleagues (Yamamoto, et al., 1987) found the same differences in brain lipid as Lamptey (Lamptey and Walker, 1976) in the second-generation of n-3 deficient rats. These rats showed a significantly lower probability of returning a correct response when compared to the perilla-fed animals in a Skinner box with light as a stimulus. The lower performance was tlie result of inferior learning ability and not inactivity on the part of the rat, as deficient rats responded relatively more frequently to the stimuli. These results were later reproduced in the Donryu strain of rat (Yoshida, et al., 1997). 

Rat 1 yr (Wistar) da ly ad lib (W) 0.21 0.35 (50% reduction in number of pups reared in second generation) 1.05 (decreased fertility, pup survival, maternal toxicity second generation failed to reproduce) Rosenfeld and Beath 1954 selenate... 

Table 13.1 A comparison of first and second generation crops HI. (Reproduced with permission from European Bioplastics, Germany.)...

FIGURE 4.27 Gas evolution from an EDLC cell upon over-voltage application. (Naoi, K. et al. 2012. Second generation nanohybrid supercapacitor Evolution of capacitive energy storage devices. Energy Environmental Science 5 9363-9373. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.)... 

Fig. 9.11 NEC s laptops powered with DMFC. Left. DMFC coupled to the refilling tank (2003), right, second generation (2004) (Reproduced from Ref. [58] with permission)...

Figure 7.7. In vitro screening of (a) first generation and (b) second generation lipidoids in HeLa cells. In vivo testing of lead lipidoids in (c) mice (d) 98Ni2-5 in rats, and (E) 98Ni2-5 in non-human primates. [Reproduced with permission from Ref. 63.]...

Figure 14 TEM images of the second-generation SAFs. (a) Low-magnification image after maturation for 12 h (b) High-magnification image showing regularly patterned striations on their surfaces. (Reproduced from Ref. 59. Wiley-VCH, 2006.)...

Fig. 8 Second-generation ion trap machine from the Asmis group [134]. The ion trap in this case is a ring-electrode trap, and fragment mass analysis is performed in a time-of-ilight mass spectrinneler. Reproduced with permission from [134]. Copyright (2009) ACS...

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