Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper

Hatched wedge Bond going into the page 

Some examples of the molecular geometries used in this book are shown below using this notation. 

Since molecular geometries are three-dimensional, they are often difficult to represent on two-dimensional paper. Many chemists use tiiis notation for bonds to indicate three-dimensional structures on two-dimensional paper. 

Bond in plane of paper Bond projecting into the paper Bond projecting out of the paper 

Artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame (Nutrasweet ), taste sweet but have few or no calories. Why Because taste and caloric value are entirely separate properties of foods. The caloric value of a food depends on the amount of enei y released when the food is metabolized. Sucrose (table sugar) is metabolized by oxidation to carbon dioxide and water  

When your body metabolizes one mole of sucrose, it obtains 5644 kJ of energy. Some artificial sweeteners, such as saccharin, are not metabolized at all— they just pass through the body unchanged—and therefore have no caloric value. Other artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, are metabolized but have a much lower caloric content (for a given amount of sweetness) than sucrose. 

Total Carb, less thanig 0% Sugars less than 1g  

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Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in the Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper box in Section 10.4. 

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