Renal role obesity

The purpose of this review is to provide the current findings on the relationships between sympathetic nerve activity, (5-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and renal function. Also, to further understand the precise roles of sympathetic nerve activity in renal injury in the context of obesity and hypertension, which may lead to the prevention and treatment of renal injury in these patients. 

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in renal injury, end-stage renal disease, and renovascular hypertension are discussed through a literature review accompanying sympathetic nerve mechanisms in hypertension and obesity. Relevant studies of sympathetic nerve activity and 32-adrenoceptor polymorphism might contribute to the onset and maintenance of renal injury in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic heart failure and cardiovascular events in ESRD patients. A better understanding of the relationships of sympathetic nerve activity with renal injury might help clinical implications (treatment) for renal injury in hypertensive patients and hypertension in patients with ESRD. Recently, the role of denervation of renal sympathetic nerve in refractory hypertension has been examined and showed its efficacy in humans. The outcome from the study have not been established, but a number of animal studies show theoretical benefits for those patients in the acute phase. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationships between the sympathetic nerve activity and renal injury. 

Many Polynesian peoples exhibit a susceptibility to hyper-uricaemia and gout. This predisposition is a feature of widely distributed populations and suggests a common genetic role. The mechanism has not been clearly established. Maori men are reported to have a prevalence of gout in excess of 10%. They are also prone to obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. It is not known whether renal dysfunction is an additional feature of this disease spectriom. The present study examined the current prevalence of hyperuricaemia and gout in a male Maori population of working age. An attempt was made to reassess the relationship of obesity and hypertension with hyperxiricaemia and to determine the prevalence of renal impairment. The renal excretion of uric acid was also estimated. 

At companies such as Purina, lams. Science Diet, and Pet Ag, veterinary science plays an essential role in the development of better animal food products. These companies offer foods formulated for each stage of an animal s life from birth to its geriatric years. Other animal food products are formulated to meet the nutritional needs of working animals and animals that are sedentary or have food health problems such as urinary calculi, renal feilure, diabetes, or obesity. 

---