Renal processing

Elfarra AA, Anders MW. 1984. Renal processing of glutathione conjugates. Role in nephrotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 33 3729-3732. 

Figure 19.2 Basic renal processes. These processes include filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. (1) Filtration is the movement of fluid and solutes from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman s capsule. (2) Reabsorption, which takes place throughout the nephron, is the movement of filtered substances out of the tubule and into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. (3) Secretion is the movement of selected unfiltered substances from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule for excretion. Any substance that is filtered or secreted, but not reabsorbed, is excreted in the urine.

The nephron performs three basic renal processes (see Figure 19.2) ... 

Figure 5.4. Schematic diagram for (a) the integration plot analysis and (h) renal processing of alkylglycoside.

Molitoris, B. A., and Sandoval, R. M. 2005. Intravital multiphoton microscopy of dynamic renal processes. Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol. 288(6) F1084—89. 

Molitoris BA, 5andoval RM Intravital multiphoton microscopy of dynamic renal processes. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology 288 F1084-F1089,2005... 

Alterations in one or more of the three renal processes (filtration, secretion, or reabsorption) secondary to reductions in functional nephron mass may have a dramatic effect on the pharmacokinetics of a drug. A reduction in glomerular filtration rate results in a decrease in renal drug clearance. For drugs that are extensively renally secreted (CLr >300 mL/min), the loss of filtration clearance (up to 120 mL/min) will have less of an impact than for those primarily dependent on GFR. 

Chinard, F. P., Time relationships of certain renal processes. Federation Proc. 11, 197 (1952). 

Thiazide diuretics, which reduce urinary excretion of Ca, sometimes are employed to treat calcium nephrolithiasis and may be useful for the treatment of osteoporosis see Chapter 61). Thiazide diuretics also are a mainstay for treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, reducing urine volume by up to 50%. The mechanism of this paradoxical effect remains unknown. Since other hahdes are excreted by renal processes similar to those for Cl", thiazide diuretics may be useful for the management of Br" intoxication. 

Table 1.3 Renal Processes that Influence Drug Excretion ...

Since the pattern of odorants characterizing the MHC-determined odortype is apparently the same in serum and urine, it follows that the odorant pattern is constituted pre-renally. The most likely mechanism for this is that soluble MHC gene products themselves bind circulating odorants selectively (presumably after they have lost their bound peptide [Falk et al. 1991]) and then release them to a minimal degree in serum (which is enhanced by treating with proteolytic enzymes) and much more extensively in the context of renal processing and excretion. We suggest that these odorants are likely to be the volatile acids we have now identified or their precursors. 

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