Renal biomarkers identification

The development, validation, and implementation of translational biomarkers that allow for renal toxicity identification, risk assessment, and risk management are of extreme value. The ideal biomarker or panel of biomarkers should demonstrate the necessary sensitivity and specificity to predict toxicity in preclinical models and in a clinical setting. One of the major challenges in assessing DDCI is the limited translatabUity between preclinical models and the clinical setting mainly due to the suboptimal inappropriate tools currently available. 

Mishra J, Ma Q, Prada A, et al. Identification of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel early urinary biomarker for ischemic renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003 14 2534-2543. 

Holmes, E., J. K. Nicholson, A. W. Nicholls, J. C. Lindon, S. C. Connor, S. Policy, and J. Connelly. 1998. The identification of novel biomarkers of renal toxicity using automatic data reduction techniques and PCA of proton NMR spectra of urine. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 44 245-255... 

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