Release from containment sterilization

The wastewater released from food processing plants, typically from the seafood, dairy or meat processing industries, contains an appreciable amount of protein which can be recovered with the use of chitosan this protein, after drying and sterilization, makes a great source of feed additives for farm animals [262]. 

Figure 7. Soil metabolism of the products resulting from U.V.-ozonation of coumaphos and microbially hydrolyzed/U.V. ozonated coumaphos. C02 released from U-benzyl- C-coumaphos was measured in blometer flasks by trapping In potassium hydroxide and counting in a liquid scintillation counter. Controls contained soil that had been autoclaved one time but were not kept sterile.

DepoDur is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, white to olf-white, preservative-free suspension of multi-vesicular lipid-based particles containing morphine sulfate, USP. The lipid carrier is a proprietary drug delivery system known as DepoFoam . After the administration of DepoDur into the epidural space, morphine sulfate is released from the multivesicular liposomes over a period of time [1-3] (Figures 44.2 and 44.3). 

Figure 7.5 Apparatus for testing the microbial retention characteristics of membrane filters. The whole apparatus is sterilized, and initially the flask contains 140 mL of double-strength culture medium. The culture to be tested (100 mL) is passed through the filter with clamp 1 open and clamp 2 closed. The sides of the filter apparatus are washed with two 20 mL portions of sterile broth. Clamp 2 is then opened, the vacuum released, and clamp 1 closed. The filter apparatus is replaced by a sterile rubber stopper and the flask incubated. Absence of turbidity in the flask indicates that the filter has retained the test organism. From Brock [4]. Courtesy of Thomas D. Brock...

Since adult cestodes, freshly removed from a host gut, are invariably covered with a mucus film containing micro-organisms such as yeasts, bacteria and fungi, most workers have used larval stages, which invariably occur in sterile habitats, as initial culture material. Nevertheless, by application of antiobiotics certain species of adult cestodes (e.g. H. diminuta, E. granulosus) may readily be cultured in vitro after removal from the definitive host before the end of the pre-patent period and then maintained in vitro, when egg release is safely contained within the culture vessel (736,811, 867). 

Ethylene oxide forms explosive mixtures in air at concentrations ranging from. f to 80% by volume. The explosion hazard is eliminated when the gas is mixed with sufUeicnt concentrations of carbon dioxide. Carhoxide is a commercial sterilant containing 10% ethylene oxide and 9()%> carbon dioxide by volume that can be handled and released in air without danger of explosion. Sterilization is aeeompiishcd in a sealed, autoclave-like chamber or in gas-impermeable bags. 

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