Relative removal

Figure 15. Relative removal of dibenzothiophenes and benzothiophenes from the middle-distillate cut of OB oil in the presence (left frame) and absence (right frame) of sulfate. Compounds are ranked in order of their relative depletion. Bars with solid and hatched lines represent the sum of the results for alkylated compounds with n pendant carbons, with CO indicating the unalkylated parent open bars in the left frame represent individual dibenzothiophenes. In the right frame, the bars represent sum of alkylated analogs for each carbon number. Figure reproduced from Ref. [86],...

Under steady state conditions, the relative removal rates of material from the surface must reflect the bulk concentration. This criteria is the driving force which determines the concentrations of the various constituents at the surface. For a two component system, this implies that CJC2 = r,0,/T202 where C, and are concentrations of the two constituents in the bulk material. Therefore,... 

Our output data includes the relative removal rate (Yat+i — ii)/Yiv+i, called ans below, of the absorbable component. 

If we change the number N of trays to 2, 4, 8, or 10 (see Problem 1(a) of the Chapter Exercises), we notice that the removal rate ans changes and if N = 10 for example, then there is no removal in trays 6 to 10, since the liquid has apparently become saturated. The reader should verify this assertion, see Problem 1(a). Therefore we conclude that this specific removal process with the specified flow rates and characteristics needs only 6 trays to reach full saturation of the absorbing liquid. Its relative removal rate, however, is only about 15%. 

The relative removal rate now exceeds 99% when we use 20 trays and X = 0.0012233 Xo = 0.001 here. For differing tray numbers N, see problem 1(b). The large liquid flow rate of 7500 l/min has increased the removal rate to almost 100% and there is only a very small increase in the liquid concentration from the input to tray 1. 

This pseudo-first-order rate constant may be used to compare relative removal rates for the solute R by the reactive species of interest. The total removal rate is given by ... 

Cycles Loading Relative Removal (%) / Synthad Removal K,. Bone Char Removal)... 

The phases within an alloy may have differences in resistance to corrosion, thus leading to relative removal of one phase, i.e. one phase may be cathodic to another. Inclusions such as sulphides in steel may act as local cathodes, thus initiating pitting in the surrounding metal. 

Results. The experimental results (Figure 4) show significant differences In the loss from solution of the various arsenic species and phosphate. Clearly, some species are removed from solution to a much greater extent than others, with the relative removals being as follows ... 

FISSION PRODUCT ELEMENT RELATIVE REMOVAL IMPORTANCE... 

Hydrogen atom transfer from the hydride form of the catalyst to monomer (eq 15) is relatively unexplored in comparison with the initial reaction in the catalytic cycle, hydrogen atom abstraction from the growing radical. This is despite the fact that the two reactions are essentially the microscopic reverse, because the substituents on the organic fragment are relatively removed from the metal center. Early investigations of CCT were frustrated by the fact that concentrations of LCoH were below detection lim-... 

Curves of function G u, a) are presented in Fig. 9.7. For small times currents are mainly concentrated near the dipole, and a field measured at point R does not practically depend on induced currents located in relatively removed parts of a medium (ui —> 00, G — 0). In contrary, for large times ( i —> 0), the field is mainly defined by currents induced in an external area R > R2) and G u, a) 1. 

Figure 2-25. Relative removal rate dependence on particle size for vapor phase and centrifugation purification. This shows the complimentary behavior of this set of purification methods.

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