Relationship of viscosity to normal force

As shown in Table 11.1, liquid crystalline order may be manifested at slightly different concentrations by various measured properties, possibly corresponding to different ratios of anisotropic to isotropic phase. The Flory prediction of the critical concentration for formation of an anisotropic phase is lower than the indications of any of the observed properties. Birefringence would be expected to be the most sensitive to a small amount of anisotropic phase coexisting with a large amount of isotropic phase. 

PCBZL + m-cresol at room temperature is known to be in a random coil, and undergoes an inverse coil-helix transition as the temperature is raised [30]. The observation of lyotropic behavior in PCBZL + m-cresol solutions at room temperature [17] may represent a peculiar case of a conformational transition driven by the opportunity to form a liquid crystalline phase. 

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