Refrigeration multistage systems

Table 11-14 compares four basic systems using refrigerant 12, and generally indicates that the total horsepower can be reduced by using a multistage compression arrangement... 

All freeze separation processes depend on the formation of pure solvent crystals from solution, as described for eutectic systems in Section 15.2.1. which allows single-stage operation. Solid-solution systems, requiring multistage-operation, are not usually economic. Several types of freeze crystallisation processes may be designated according to the kind of refrigeration system used as follows . 

Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump Basic Vapor Refrigeration Cycle Actual Vapor Refrigeration Cycle Basic Vapor Heat Pump Cycle Actual Vapor Heat Pump Cycle Working Fluids for Vapor Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems Cascade and Multistaged Vapor Refrigerators... 

An arrangement of either a cascaded or multistaged refrigerator can be made as illustrated in Fig. 6.18. In this arrangement, the system can be either a cascaded refrigerator or a multistaged refrigerator. 

Example 6.9 illustrates the system as a multistaged refrigerator if mdoi-i = 1. 

Note that for very high specifie reaetion rates, a multistage reactor system is not feasible for the numerical case studied. This is because the reactor size gives a transfer area that is so small that the required jacket temperature is lower than the temperature of the available cooling water. Refrigeration could be used or heat transfer area rnnlrl h<= im- r(= acr rt ac... 

MULTISTAGE COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM - Where the refrigerant is vaporized and condensed alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase. 

The refrigeration system described is one example of the applications potential of the new multistage refrigeration principle. We believe that the appli-... 

The system is readily adaptable to multistage refrigeration, thus permitting attainment of very low temperatures. 

A major advantage of the A. D. Little system is the ease with which several units may be multistaged to achieve temperatures as low as 15 to 20 K with helium as the working fluid. In fact, with a three-stage refrigerator, refrigeration may be obtained at three different temperature levels utilizing a common piston with room-temperature seals for all three displacers. 

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